/* $Id$ */ /* * Copyright (C) 2008-2011 Teluu Inc. (http://www.teluu.com) * Copyright (C) 2003-2008 Benny Prijono * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA */ #include "test.h" #include #include #define THIS_FILE "tsx_uas_test.c" /***************************************************************************** ** ** UAS tests. ** ** This file performs various tests for UAC transactions. Each test will have ** a different Via branch param so that message receiver module and ** transaction user module can identify which test is being carried out. ** ** TEST1_BRANCH_ID ** Test that non-INVITE transaction returns 2xx response to the correct ** transport and correctly terminates the transaction. ** This also checks that transaction is destroyed immediately after ** it sends final response when reliable transport is used. ** ** TEST2_BRANCH_ID ** As above, for non-2xx final response. ** ** TEST3_BRANCH_ID ** Transaction correctly progressing to PROCEEDING state when provisional ** response is sent. ** ** TEST4_BRANCH_ID ** Transaction retransmits last response (if any) without notifying ** transaction user upon receiving request retransmissions on TRYING ** state ** ** TEST5_BRANCH_ID ** As above, in PROCEEDING state. ** ** TEST6_BRANCH_ID ** As above, in COMPLETED state, with first sending provisional response. ** (Only applicable for non-reliable transports). ** ** TEST7_BRANCH_ID ** INVITE transaction MUST retransmit non-2xx final response. ** ** TEST8_BRANCH_ID ** As above, for INVITE's 2xx final response (this is PJSIP specific). ** ** TEST9_BRANCH_ID ** INVITE transaction MUST cease retransmission of final response when ** ACK is received. (Note: PJSIP also retransmit 2xx final response ** until it's terminated by user). ** Transaction also MUST terminate in T4 seconds. ** (Only applicable for non-reliable transports). ** ** TEST11_BRANCH_ID ** Test scenario where transport fails before response is sent (i.e. ** in TRYING state). ** ** TEST12_BRANCH_ID ** As above, after provisional response is sent but before final ** response is sent (i.e. in PROCEEDING state). ** ** TEST13_BRANCH_ID ** As above, for INVITE, after final response has been sent but before ** ACK is received (i.e. in CONNECTED state). ** ** TEST14_BRANCH_ID ** When UAS failed to deliver the response with the selected transport, ** it should try contacting the client with other transport or begin ** RFC 3263 server resolution procedure. ** This should be tested on: ** a. TRYING state (when delivering first response). ** b. PROCEEDING state (when failed to retransmit last response ** upon receiving request retransmission). ** c. COMPLETED state. ** **/ #define TEST1_BRANCH_ID (PJSIP_RFC3261_BRANCH_ID "-UAS-Test1") #define TEST2_BRANCH_ID (PJSIP_RFC3261_BRANCH_ID "-UAS-Test2") #define TEST3_BRANCH_ID (PJSIP_RFC3261_BRANCH_ID "-UAS-Test3") #define TEST4_BRANCH_ID (PJSIP_RFC3261_BRANCH_ID "-UAS-Test4") #define TEST5_BRANCH_ID (PJSIP_RFC3261_BRANCH_ID "-UAS-Test5") #define TEST6_BRANCH_ID (PJSIP_RFC3261_BRANCH_ID "-UAS-Test6") #define TEST7_BRANCH_ID (PJSIP_RFC3261_BRANCH_ID "-UAS-Test7") #define TEST8_BRANCH_ID (PJSIP_RFC3261_BRANCH_ID "-UAS-Test8") #define TEST9_BRANCH_ID (PJSIP_RFC3261_BRANCH_ID "-UAS-Test9") #define TEST10_BRANCH_ID (PJSIP_RFC3261_BRANCH_ID "-UAS-Test10") #define TEST11_BRANCH_ID (PJSIP_RFC3261_BRANCH_ID "-UAS-Test11") #define TEST12_BRANCH_ID (PJSIP_RFC3261_BRANCH_ID "-UAS-Test12") //#define TEST13_BRANCH_ID (PJSIP_RFC3261_BRANCH_ID "-UAS-Test13") #define TEST1_STATUS_CODE 200 #define TEST2_STATUS_CODE 301 #define TEST3_PROVISIONAL_CODE PJSIP_SC_QUEUED #define TEST3_STATUS_CODE 202 #define TEST4_STATUS_CODE 200 #define TEST4_REQUEST_COUNT 2 #define TEST5_PROVISIONAL_CODE 100 #define TEST5_STATUS_CODE 200 #define TEST5_REQUEST_COUNT 2 #define TEST5_RESPONSE_COUNT 2 #define TEST6_PROVISIONAL_CODE 100 #define TEST6_STATUS_CODE 200 /* Must be final */ #define TEST6_REQUEST_COUNT 2 #define TEST6_RESPONSE_COUNT 3 #define TEST7_STATUS_CODE 301 #define TEST8_STATUS_CODE 302 #define TEST9_STATUS_CODE 301 #define TEST4_TITLE "test4: absorbing request retransmission" #define TEST5_TITLE "test5: retransmit last response in PROCEEDING state" #define TEST6_TITLE "test6: retransmit last response in COMPLETED state" static char TARGET_URI[128]; static char FROM_URI[128]; static struct tsx_test_param *test_param; static unsigned tp_flag; #define TEST_TIMEOUT_ERROR -30 #define MAX_ALLOWED_DIFF 150 static void tsx_user_on_tsx_state(pjsip_transaction *tsx, pjsip_event *e); static pj_bool_t on_rx_message(pjsip_rx_data *rdata); /* UAC transaction user module. */ static pjsip_module tsx_user = { NULL, NULL, /* prev and next */ { "Tsx-UAS-User", 12}, /* Name. */ -1, /* Id */ PJSIP_MOD_PRIORITY_APPLICATION-1, /* Priority */ NULL, /* load() */ NULL, /* start() */ NULL, /* stop() */ NULL, /* unload() */ NULL, /* on_rx_request() */ NULL, /* on_rx_response() */ NULL, /* on_tx_request() */ NULL, /* on_tx_response() */ &tsx_user_on_tsx_state, /* on_tsx_state() */ }; /* Module to send request. */ static pjsip_module msg_sender = { NULL, NULL, /* prev and next */ { "Msg-Sender", 10}, /* Name. */ -1, /* Id */ PJSIP_MOD_PRIORITY_APPLICATION-1, /* Priority */ NULL, /* load() */ NULL, /* start() */ NULL, /* stop() */ NULL, /* unload() */ &on_rx_message, /* on_rx_request() */ &on_rx_message, /* on_rx_response() */ NULL, /* on_tx_request() */ NULL, /* on_tx_response() */ NULL, /* on_tsx_state() */ }; /* Static vars, which will be reset on each test. */ static int recv_count; static pj_time_val recv_last; static pj_bool_t test_complete; /* Loop transport instance. */ static pjsip_transport *loop; /* UAS transaction key. */ static char key_buf[64]; static pj_str_t tsx_key = { key_buf, 0 }; /* General timer entry to be used by tests. */ //static pj_timer_entry timer; /* Timer to send response via transaction. */ struct response { pj_str_t tsx_key; pjsip_tx_data *tdata; }; /* Timer callback to send response. */ static void send_response_timer( pj_timer_heap_t *timer_heap, struct pj_timer_entry *entry) { pjsip_transaction *tsx; struct response *r = (struct response*) entry->user_data; pj_status_t status; PJ_UNUSED_ARG(timer_heap); tsx = pjsip_tsx_layer_find_tsx(&r->tsx_key, PJ_TRUE); if (!tsx) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE," error: timer unable to find transaction")); pjsip_tx_data_dec_ref(r->tdata); return; } status = pjsip_tsx_send_msg(tsx, r->tdata); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { // Some tests do expect failure! //PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE," error: timer unable to send response")); pj_grp_lock_release(tsx->grp_lock); pjsip_tx_data_dec_ref(r->tdata); return; } pj_grp_lock_release(tsx->grp_lock); } /* Utility to send response. */ static void send_response( pjsip_rx_data *rdata, pjsip_transaction *tsx, int status_code ) { pj_status_t status; pjsip_tx_data *tdata; status = pjsip_endpt_create_response( endpt, rdata, status_code, NULL, &tdata); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { app_perror(" error: unable to create response", status); test_complete = -196; return; } status = pjsip_tsx_send_msg(tsx, tdata); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { pjsip_tx_data_dec_ref(tdata); // Some tests do expect failure! //app_perror(" error: unable to send response", status); //test_complete = -197; return; } } /* Schedule timer to send response for the specified UAS transaction */ static void schedule_send_response( pjsip_rx_data *rdata, const pj_str_t *tsx_key, int status_code, int msec_delay ) { pj_status_t status; pjsip_tx_data *tdata; pj_timer_entry *t; struct response *r; pj_time_val delay; status = pjsip_endpt_create_response( endpt, rdata, status_code, NULL, &tdata); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { app_perror(" error: unable to create response", status); test_complete = -198; return; } r = PJ_POOL_ALLOC_T(tdata->pool, struct response); pj_strdup(tdata->pool, &r->tsx_key, tsx_key); r->tdata = tdata; delay.sec = 0; delay.msec = msec_delay; pj_time_val_normalize(&delay); t = PJ_POOL_ZALLOC_T(tdata->pool, pj_timer_entry); t->user_data = r; t->cb = &send_response_timer; status = pjsip_endpt_schedule_timer(endpt, t, &delay); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { pjsip_tx_data_dec_ref(tdata); app_perror(" error: unable to schedule timer", status); test_complete = -199; return; } } /* Find and terminate tsx with the specified key. */ static void terminate_our_tsx(int status_code) { pjsip_transaction *tsx; tsx = pjsip_tsx_layer_find_tsx(&tsx_key, PJ_TRUE); if (!tsx) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE," error: timer unable to find transaction")); return; } pjsip_tsx_terminate(tsx, status_code); pj_grp_lock_release(tsx->grp_lock); } #if 0 /* Unused for now */ /* Timer callback to terminate transaction. */ static void terminate_tsx_timer( pj_timer_heap_t *timer_heap, struct pj_timer_entry *entry) { terminate_our_tsx(entry->id); } /* Schedule timer to terminate transaction. */ static void schedule_terminate_tsx( pjsip_transaction *tsx, int status_code, int msec_delay ) { pj_time_val delay; delay.sec = 0; delay.msec = msec_delay; pj_time_val_normalize(&delay); pj_assert(pj_strcmp(&tsx->transaction_key, &tsx_key)==0); timer.user_data = NULL; timer.id = status_code; timer.cb = &terminate_tsx_timer; pjsip_endpt_schedule_timer(endpt, &timer, &delay); } #endif /* * This is the handler to receive state changed notification from the * transaction. It is used to verify that the transaction behaves according * to the test scenario. */ static void tsx_user_on_tsx_state(pjsip_transaction *tsx, pjsip_event *e) { if (pj_stricmp2(&tsx->branch, TEST1_BRANCH_ID)==0 || pj_stricmp2(&tsx->branch, TEST2_BRANCH_ID)==0) { /* * TEST1_BRANCH_ID tests that non-INVITE transaction transmits final * response using correct transport and terminates transaction after * T4 (PJSIP_T4_TIMEOUT, 5 seconds). * * TEST2_BRANCH_ID does similar test for non-2xx final response. */ int status_code = (pj_stricmp2(&tsx->branch, TEST1_BRANCH_ID)==0) ? TEST1_STATUS_CODE : TEST2_STATUS_CODE; if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_TERMINATED) { test_complete = 1; /* Check that status code is status_code. */ if (tsx->status_code != status_code) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect status code")); test_complete = -100; } /* Previous state must be completed. */ if (e->body.tsx_state.prev_state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_COMPLETED) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect prev_state")); test_complete = -101; } } else if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_COMPLETED) { /* Previous state must be TRYING. */ if (e->body.tsx_state.prev_state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_TRYING) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect prev_state")); test_complete = -102; } } } else if (pj_stricmp2(&tsx->branch, TEST3_BRANCH_ID)==0) { /* * TEST3_BRANCH_ID tests sending provisional response. */ if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_TERMINATED) { test_complete = 1; /* Check that status code is status_code. */ if (tsx->status_code != TEST3_STATUS_CODE) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect status code")); test_complete = -110; } /* Previous state must be completed. */ if (e->body.tsx_state.prev_state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_COMPLETED) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect prev_state")); test_complete = -111; } } else if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_PROCEEDING) { /* Previous state must be TRYING. */ if (e->body.tsx_state.prev_state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_TRYING) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect prev_state")); test_complete = -112; } /* Check that status code is status_code. */ if (tsx->status_code != TEST3_PROVISIONAL_CODE) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect status code")); test_complete = -113; } /* Check that event must be TX_MSG */ if (e->body.tsx_state.type != PJSIP_EVENT_TX_MSG) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect event")); test_complete = -114; } } else if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_COMPLETED) { /* Previous state must be PROCEEDING. */ if (e->body.tsx_state.prev_state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_PROCEEDING) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect prev_state")); test_complete = -115; } /* Check that status code is status_code. */ if (tsx->status_code != TEST3_STATUS_CODE) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect status code")); test_complete = -116; } /* Check that event must be TX_MSG */ if (e->body.tsx_state.type != PJSIP_EVENT_TX_MSG) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect event")); test_complete = -117; } } } else if (pj_stricmp2(&tsx->branch, TEST4_BRANCH_ID)==0) { /* * TEST4_BRANCH_ID tests receiving retransmissions in TRYING state. */ if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_TRYING) { /* Request is received. */ } else if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_TERMINATED) { /* Check that status code is status_code. */ if (tsx->status_code != TEST4_STATUS_CODE) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect status code %d " "(expecting %d)", tsx->status_code, TEST4_STATUS_CODE)); test_complete = -120; } /* Previous state. */ if (e->body.tsx_state.prev_state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_TRYING) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect prev_state")); test_complete = -121; } } else if (tsx->state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_DESTROYED) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: unexpected state %s (122)", pjsip_tsx_state_str(tsx->state))); test_complete = -122; } } else if (pj_stricmp2(&tsx->branch, TEST5_BRANCH_ID)==0) { /* * TEST5_BRANCH_ID tests receiving retransmissions in PROCEEDING state */ if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_TRYING) { /* Request is received. */ } else if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_TERMINATED) { /* Check that status code is status_code. */ if (tsx->status_code != TEST5_STATUS_CODE) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect status code")); test_complete = -130; } /* Previous state. */ if (e->body.tsx_state.prev_state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_PROCEEDING) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect prev_state")); test_complete = -131; } } else if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_PROCEEDING) { /* Check status code. */ if (tsx->status_code != TEST5_PROVISIONAL_CODE) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect status code")); test_complete = -132; } } else if (tsx->state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_DESTROYED) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: unexpected state %s (133)", pjsip_tsx_state_str(tsx->state))); test_complete = -133; } } else if (pj_stricmp2(&tsx->branch, TEST6_BRANCH_ID)==0) { /* * TEST6_BRANCH_ID tests receiving retransmissions in COMPLETED state */ if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_TRYING) { /* Request is received. */ } else if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_TERMINATED) { /* Check that status code is status_code. */ if (tsx->status_code != TEST6_STATUS_CODE) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect status code %d " "(expecting %d)", tsx->status_code, TEST6_STATUS_CODE)); test_complete = -140; } /* Previous state. */ if (e->body.tsx_state.prev_state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_COMPLETED) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect prev_state")); test_complete = -141; } } else if (tsx->state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_PROCEEDING && tsx->state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_COMPLETED && tsx->state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_DESTROYED) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: unexpected state %s (142)", pjsip_tsx_state_str(tsx->state))); test_complete = -142; } } else if (pj_stricmp2(&tsx->branch, TEST7_BRANCH_ID)==0 || pj_stricmp2(&tsx->branch, TEST8_BRANCH_ID)==0) { /* * TEST7_BRANCH_ID and TEST8_BRANCH_ID test retransmission of * INVITE final response */ int code; if (pj_stricmp2(&tsx->branch, TEST7_BRANCH_ID) == 0) code = TEST7_STATUS_CODE; else code = TEST8_STATUS_CODE; if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_TRYING) { /* Request is received. */ } else if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_TERMINATED) { if (test_complete == 0) test_complete = 1; /* Check status code. */ if (tsx->status_code != PJSIP_SC_TSX_TIMEOUT) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect status code")); test_complete = -150; } /* Previous state. */ if (e->body.tsx_state.prev_state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_COMPLETED) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect prev_state")); test_complete = -151; } /* Check the number of retransmissions */ if (tp_flag & PJSIP_TRANSPORT_RELIABLE) { if (tsx->retransmit_count != 0) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: should not retransmit")); test_complete = -1510; } } else { if (tsx->retransmit_count != 10) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect retransmit count %d " "(expecting 10)", tsx->retransmit_count)); test_complete = -1510; } } } else if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_COMPLETED) { /* Check that status code is status_code. */ if (tsx->status_code != code) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect status code")); test_complete = -152; } /* Previous state. */ if (e->body.tsx_state.prev_state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_TRYING) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect prev_state")); test_complete = -153; } } else if (tsx->state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_DESTROYED) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: unexpected state (154)")); test_complete = -154; } } else if (pj_stricmp2(&tsx->branch, TEST9_BRANCH_ID)==0) { /* * TEST9_BRANCH_ID tests that retransmission of INVITE final response * must cease when ACK is received. */ if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_TRYING) { /* Request is received. */ } else if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_TERMINATED) { if (test_complete == 0) test_complete = 1; /* Check status code. */ if (tsx->status_code != TEST9_STATUS_CODE) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect status code")); test_complete = -160; } /* Previous state. */ if (e->body.tsx_state.prev_state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_CONFIRMED) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect prev_state")); test_complete = -161; } } else if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_COMPLETED) { /* Check that status code is status_code. */ if (tsx->status_code != TEST9_STATUS_CODE) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect status code")); test_complete = -162; } /* Previous state. */ if (e->body.tsx_state.prev_state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_TRYING) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect prev_state")); test_complete = -163; } } else if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_CONFIRMED) { /* Check that status code is status_code. */ if (tsx->status_code != TEST9_STATUS_CODE) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect status code")); test_complete = -164; } /* Previous state. */ if (e->body.tsx_state.prev_state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_COMPLETED) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect prev_state")); test_complete = -165; } } else if (tsx->state != PJSIP_TSX_STATE_DESTROYED) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: unexpected state (166)")); test_complete = -166; } } else if (pj_stricmp2(&tsx->branch, TEST10_BRANCH_ID)==0 || pj_stricmp2(&tsx->branch, TEST11_BRANCH_ID)==0 || pj_stricmp2(&tsx->branch, TEST12_BRANCH_ID)==0) { if (tsx->state == PJSIP_TSX_STATE_TERMINATED) { if (!test_complete) test_complete = 1; if (tsx->status_code != PJSIP_SC_TSX_TRANSPORT_ERROR) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE," error: incorrect status code")); test_complete = -170; } } } } /* Save transaction key to global variables. */ static void save_key(pjsip_transaction *tsx) { pj_str_t key; pj_strdup(tsx->pool, &key, &tsx->transaction_key); pj_strcpy(&tsx_key, &key); } #define DIFF(a,b) ((amsg_info.msg; pj_str_t branch_param = rdata->msg_info.via->branch_param; pj_status_t status; if (pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST1_BRANCH_ID) == 0 || pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST2_BRANCH_ID) == 0) { /* * TEST1_BRANCH_ID tests that non-INVITE transaction transmits 2xx * final response using correct transport and terminates transaction * after 32 seconds. * * TEST2_BRANCH_ID performs similar test for non-2xx final response. */ int status_code = (pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST1_BRANCH_ID) == 0) ? TEST1_STATUS_CODE : TEST2_STATUS_CODE; if (msg->type == PJSIP_REQUEST_MSG) { /* On received request, create UAS and respond with final * response. */ pjsip_transaction *tsx; status = pjsip_tsx_create_uas(&tsx_user, rdata, &tsx); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { app_perror(" error: unable to create transaction", status); test_complete = -110; return PJ_TRUE; } pjsip_tsx_recv_msg(tsx, rdata); save_key(tsx); send_response(rdata, tsx, status_code); } else { /* Verify the response received. */ ++recv_count; /* Verify status code. */ if (msg->line.status.code != status_code) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect status code")); test_complete = -113; } /* Verify that no retransmissions is received. */ if (recv_count > 1) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: retransmission received")); test_complete = -114; } } return PJ_TRUE; } else if (pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST3_BRANCH_ID) == 0) { /* TEST3_BRANCH_ID tests provisional response. */ if (msg->type == PJSIP_REQUEST_MSG) { /* On received request, create UAS and respond with provisional * response, then schedule timer to send final response. */ pjsip_transaction *tsx; status = pjsip_tsx_create_uas(&tsx_user, rdata, &tsx); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { app_perror(" error: unable to create transaction", status); test_complete = -116; return PJ_TRUE; } pjsip_tsx_recv_msg(tsx, rdata); save_key(tsx); send_response(rdata, tsx, TEST3_PROVISIONAL_CODE); schedule_send_response(rdata, &tsx->transaction_key, TEST3_STATUS_CODE, 2000); } else { /* Verify the response received. */ ++recv_count; if (recv_count == 1) { /* Verify status code. */ if (msg->line.status.code != TEST3_PROVISIONAL_CODE) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect status code")); test_complete = -123; } } else if (recv_count == 2) { /* Verify status code. */ if (msg->line.status.code != TEST3_STATUS_CODE) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect status code")); test_complete = -124; } } else { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: retransmission received")); test_complete = -125; } } return PJ_TRUE; } else if (pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST4_BRANCH_ID) == 0 || pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST5_BRANCH_ID) == 0 || pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST6_BRANCH_ID) == 0) { /* TEST4_BRANCH_ID: absorbs retransmissions in TRYING state. */ /* TEST5_BRANCH_ID: retransmit last response in PROCEEDING state. */ /* TEST6_BRANCH_ID: retransmit last response in COMPLETED state. */ if (msg->type == PJSIP_REQUEST_MSG) { /* On received request, create UAS. */ pjsip_transaction *tsx; PJ_LOG(4,(THIS_FILE, " received request (probably retransmission)")); status = pjsip_tsx_create_uas(&tsx_user, rdata, &tsx); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { app_perror(" error: unable to create transaction", status); test_complete = -130; return PJ_TRUE; } pjsip_tsx_recv_msg(tsx, rdata); save_key(tsx); if (pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST4_BRANCH_ID) == 0) { } else if (pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST5_BRANCH_ID) == 0) { send_response(rdata, tsx, TEST5_PROVISIONAL_CODE); } else if (pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST6_BRANCH_ID) == 0) { PJ_LOG(4,(THIS_FILE, " sending provisional response")); send_response(rdata, tsx, TEST6_PROVISIONAL_CODE); PJ_LOG(4,(THIS_FILE, " sending final response")); send_response(rdata, tsx, TEST6_STATUS_CODE); } } else { /* Verify the response received. */ PJ_LOG(4,(THIS_FILE, " received response number %d", recv_count)); ++recv_count; if (pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST4_BRANCH_ID) == 0) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: not expecting response!")); test_complete = -132; } else if (pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST5_BRANCH_ID) == 0) { if (rdata->msg_info.msg->line.status.code!=TEST5_PROVISIONAL_CODE) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect status code!")); test_complete = -133; } if (recv_count > TEST5_RESPONSE_COUNT) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: not expecting response!")); test_complete = -134; } } else if (pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST6_BRANCH_ID) == 0) { int code = rdata->msg_info.msg->line.status.code; switch (recv_count) { case 1: if (code != TEST6_PROVISIONAL_CODE) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: invalid code!")); test_complete = -135; } break; case 2: case 3: if (code != TEST6_STATUS_CODE) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: invalid code %d " "(expecting %d)", code, TEST6_STATUS_CODE)); test_complete = -136; } break; default: PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: not expecting response")); test_complete = -137; break; } } } return PJ_TRUE; } else if (pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST7_BRANCH_ID) == 0 || pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST8_BRANCH_ID) == 0) { /* * TEST7_BRANCH_ID and TEST8_BRANCH_ID test the retransmission * of INVITE final response */ if (msg->type == PJSIP_REQUEST_MSG) { /* On received request, create UAS. */ pjsip_transaction *tsx; status = pjsip_tsx_create_uas(&tsx_user, rdata, &tsx); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { app_perror(" error: unable to create transaction", status); test_complete = -140; return PJ_TRUE; } pjsip_tsx_recv_msg(tsx, rdata); save_key(tsx); if (pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST7_BRANCH_ID) == 0) { send_response(rdata, tsx, TEST7_STATUS_CODE); } else { send_response(rdata, tsx, TEST8_STATUS_CODE); } } else { int code; ++recv_count; if (pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST7_BRANCH_ID) == 0) code = TEST7_STATUS_CODE; else code = TEST8_STATUS_CODE; if (recv_count==1) { if (rdata->msg_info.msg->line.status.code != code) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE," error: invalid status code")); test_complete = -141; } recv_last = rdata->pkt_info.timestamp; } else { pj_time_val now; unsigned msec, msec_expected; now = rdata->pkt_info.timestamp; PJ_TIME_VAL_SUB(now, recv_last); msec = now.sec*1000 + now.msec; msec_expected = (1 << (recv_count-2)) * pjsip_cfg()->tsx.t1; if (msec_expected > pjsip_cfg()->tsx.t2) msec_expected = pjsip_cfg()->tsx.t2; if (DIFF(msec, msec_expected) > MAX_ALLOWED_DIFF) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect retransmission " "time (%d ms expected, %d ms received", msec_expected, msec)); test_complete = -142; } if (recv_count > 11) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE," error: too many responses (%d)", recv_count)); test_complete = -143; } recv_last = rdata->pkt_info.timestamp; } } return PJ_TRUE; } else if (pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST9_BRANCH_ID) == 0) { /* * TEST9_BRANCH_ID tests that the retransmission of INVITE final * response should cease when ACK is received. Transaction also MUST * terminate in T4 seconds. */ if (msg->type == PJSIP_REQUEST_MSG) { /* On received request, create UAS. */ pjsip_transaction *tsx; status = pjsip_tsx_create_uas(&tsx_user, rdata, &tsx); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { app_perror(" error: unable to create transaction", status); test_complete = -150; return PJ_TRUE; } pjsip_tsx_recv_msg(tsx, rdata); save_key(tsx); send_response(rdata, tsx, TEST9_STATUS_CODE); } else { ++recv_count; if (rdata->msg_info.msg->line.status.code != TEST9_STATUS_CODE) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE," error: invalid status code")); test_complete = -151; } if (recv_count==1) { recv_last = rdata->pkt_info.timestamp; } else if (recv_count < 5) { /* Let UAS retransmit some messages before we send ACK. */ pj_time_val now; unsigned msec, msec_expected; now = rdata->pkt_info.timestamp; PJ_TIME_VAL_SUB(now, recv_last); msec = now.sec*1000 + now.msec; msec_expected = (1 << (recv_count-2)) * pjsip_cfg()->tsx.t1; if (msec_expected > pjsip_cfg()->tsx.t2) msec_expected = pjsip_cfg()->tsx.t2; if (DIFF(msec, msec_expected) > MAX_ALLOWED_DIFF) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: incorrect retransmission " "time (%d ms expected, %d ms received", msec_expected, msec)); test_complete = -152; } recv_last = rdata->pkt_info.timestamp; } else if (recv_count == 5) { pjsip_tx_data *tdata; pjsip_sip_uri *uri; pjsip_via_hdr *via; status = pjsip_endpt_create_request_from_hdr( endpt, &pjsip_ack_method, rdata->msg_info.to->uri, rdata->msg_info.from, rdata->msg_info.to, NULL, rdata->msg_info.cid, rdata->msg_info.cseq->cseq, NULL, &tdata); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { app_perror(" error: unable to create ACK", status); test_complete = -153; return PJ_TRUE; } uri=(pjsip_sip_uri*)pjsip_uri_get_uri(tdata->msg->line.req.uri); uri->transport_param = pj_str("loop-dgram"); via = (pjsip_via_hdr*) pjsip_msg_find_hdr(tdata->msg, PJSIP_H_VIA, NULL); via->branch_param = pj_str(TEST9_BRANCH_ID); status = pjsip_endpt_send_request_stateless(endpt, tdata, NULL, NULL); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { app_perror(" error: unable to send ACK", status); test_complete = -154; } } else { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE," error: too many responses (%d)", recv_count)); test_complete = -155; } } return PJ_TRUE; } else if (pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST10_BRANCH_ID) == 0 || pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST11_BRANCH_ID) == 0 || pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST12_BRANCH_ID) == 0) { int test_num, code1, code2; if (pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST10_BRANCH_ID) == 0) test_num=10, code1 = 100, code2 = 0; else if (pj_stricmp2(&branch_param, TEST11_BRANCH_ID) == 0) test_num=11, code1 = 100, code2 = 200; else test_num=12, code1 = 200, code2 = 0; if (rdata->msg_info.msg->type == PJSIP_REQUEST_MSG) { /* On received response, create UAS. */ pjsip_transaction *tsx; status = pjsip_tsx_create_uas(&tsx_user, rdata, &tsx); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { app_perror(" error: unable to create transaction", status); test_complete = -150; return PJ_TRUE; } pjsip_tsx_recv_msg(tsx, rdata); save_key(tsx); schedule_send_response(rdata, &tsx_key, code1, 1000); if (code2) schedule_send_response(rdata, &tsx_key, code2, 2000); } else { } return PJ_TRUE; } return PJ_FALSE; } /* * The generic test framework, used by most of the tests. */ static int perform_test( char *target_uri, char *from_uri, char *branch_param, int test_time, const pjsip_method *method, int request_cnt, int request_interval_msec, int expecting_timeout) { pjsip_tx_data *tdata; pj_str_t target, from; pjsip_via_hdr *via; pj_time_val timeout, next_send; int sent_cnt; pj_status_t status; PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " please standby, this will take at most %d seconds..", test_time)); /* Reset test. */ recv_count = 0; test_complete = 0; tsx_key.slen = 0; /* Init headers. */ target = pj_str(target_uri); from = pj_str(from_uri); /* Create request. */ status = pjsip_endpt_create_request( endpt, method, &target, &from, &target, NULL, NULL, -1, NULL, &tdata); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { app_perror(" Error: unable to create request", status); return -10; } /* Set the branch param for test 1. */ via = (pjsip_via_hdr*) pjsip_msg_find_hdr(tdata->msg, PJSIP_H_VIA, NULL); via->branch_param = pj_str(branch_param); /* Schedule first send. */ sent_cnt = 0; pj_gettimeofday(&next_send); pj_time_val_normalize(&next_send); /* Set test completion time. */ pj_gettimeofday(&timeout); timeout.sec += test_time; /* Wait until test complete. */ while (!test_complete) { pj_time_val now, poll_delay = {0, 10}; pjsip_endpt_handle_events(endpt, &poll_delay); pj_gettimeofday(&now); if (sent_cnt < request_cnt && PJ_TIME_VAL_GTE(now, next_send)) { /* Add additional reference to tdata to prevent transaction from * deleting it. */ pjsip_tx_data_add_ref(tdata); /* (Re)Send the request. */ PJ_LOG(4,(THIS_FILE, " (re)sending request %d", sent_cnt)); status = pjsip_endpt_send_request_stateless(endpt, tdata, 0, 0); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { app_perror(" Error: unable to send request", status); pjsip_tx_data_dec_ref(tdata); return -20; } /* Schedule next send, if any. */ sent_cnt++; if (sent_cnt < request_cnt) { pj_gettimeofday(&next_send); next_send.msec += request_interval_msec; pj_time_val_normalize(&next_send); } } if (now.sec > timeout.sec) { if (!expecting_timeout) PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " Error: test has timed out")); pjsip_tx_data_dec_ref(tdata); return TEST_TIMEOUT_ERROR; } } if (test_complete < 0) { pjsip_transaction *tsx; tsx = pjsip_tsx_layer_find_tsx(&tsx_key, PJ_TRUE); if (tsx) { pjsip_tsx_terminate(tsx, PJSIP_SC_REQUEST_TERMINATED); pj_grp_lock_release(tsx->grp_lock); flush_events(1000); } pjsip_tx_data_dec_ref(tdata); return test_complete; } /* Allow transaction to destroy itself */ flush_events(500); /* Make sure transaction has been destroyed. */ if (pjsip_tsx_layer_find_tsx(&tsx_key, PJ_FALSE) != NULL) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " Error: transaction has not been destroyed")); pjsip_tx_data_dec_ref(tdata); return -40; } /* Check tdata reference counter. */ if (pj_atomic_get(tdata->ref_cnt) != 1) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " Error: tdata reference counter is %d", pj_atomic_get(tdata->ref_cnt))); pjsip_tx_data_dec_ref(tdata); return -50; } /* Destroy txdata */ pjsip_tx_data_dec_ref(tdata); return PJ_SUCCESS; } /***************************************************************************** ** ** TEST1_BRANCH_ID: Basic 2xx final response ** TEST2_BRANCH_ID: Basic non-2xx final response ** ***************************************************************************** */ static int tsx_basic_final_response_test(void) { unsigned duration; int status; PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE," test1: basic sending 2xx final response")); /* Test duration must be greater than 32 secs if unreliable transport * is used. */ duration = (tp_flag & PJSIP_TRANSPORT_RELIABLE) ? 1 : 33; status = perform_test(TARGET_URI, FROM_URI, TEST1_BRANCH_ID, duration, &pjsip_options_method, 1, 0, 0); if (status != 0) return status; PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE," test2: basic sending non-2xx final response")); status = perform_test(TARGET_URI, FROM_URI, TEST2_BRANCH_ID, duration, &pjsip_options_method, 1, 0, 0); if (status != 0) return status; return 0; } /***************************************************************************** ** ** TEST3_BRANCH_ID: Sending provisional response ** ***************************************************************************** */ static int tsx_basic_provisional_response_test(void) { unsigned duration; int status; PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE," test3: basic sending 2xx final response")); duration = (tp_flag & PJSIP_TRANSPORT_RELIABLE) ? 1 : 33; duration += 2; status = perform_test(TARGET_URI, FROM_URI, TEST3_BRANCH_ID, duration, &pjsip_options_method, 1, 0, 0); return status; } /***************************************************************************** ** ** TEST4_BRANCH_ID: Absorbs retransmissions in TRYING state ** TEST5_BRANCH_ID: Absorbs retransmissions in PROCEEDING state ** TEST6_BRANCH_ID: Absorbs retransmissions in COMPLETED state ** ***************************************************************************** */ static int tsx_retransmit_last_response_test(const char *title, char *branch_id, int request_cnt, int status_code) { int status; PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE," %s", title)); status = perform_test(TARGET_URI, FROM_URI, branch_id, 5, &pjsip_options_method, request_cnt, 1000, 1); if (status && status != TEST_TIMEOUT_ERROR) return status; if (!status) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: expecting timeout")); return -31; } terminate_our_tsx(status_code); flush_events(100); if (test_complete != 1) return test_complete; flush_events(100); return 0; } /***************************************************************************** ** ** TEST7_BRANCH_ID: INVITE non-2xx final response retransmission test ** TEST8_BRANCH_ID: INVITE 2xx final response retransmission test ** ***************************************************************************** */ static int tsx_final_response_retransmission_test(void) { int status; PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " test7: INVITE non-2xx final response retransmission")); status = perform_test(TARGET_URI, FROM_URI, TEST7_BRANCH_ID, 33, /* Test duration must be greater than 32 secs */ &pjsip_invite_method, 1, 0, 0); if (status != 0) return status; PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " test8: INVITE 2xx final response retransmission")); status = perform_test(TARGET_URI, FROM_URI, TEST8_BRANCH_ID, 33, /* Test duration must be greater than 32 secs */ &pjsip_invite_method, 1, 0, 0); if (status != 0) return status; return 0; } /***************************************************************************** ** ** TEST9_BRANCH_ID: retransmission of non-2xx INVITE final response must ** cease when ACK is received ** ***************************************************************************** */ static int tsx_ack_test(void) { int status; PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " test9: receiving ACK for non-2xx final response")); status = perform_test(TARGET_URI, FROM_URI, TEST9_BRANCH_ID, 20, /* allow 5 retransmissions */ &pjsip_invite_method, 1, 0, 0); if (status != 0) return status; return 0; } /***************************************************************************** ** ** TEST10_BRANCH_ID: test transport failure in TRYING state. ** TEST11_BRANCH_ID: test transport failure in PROCEEDING state. ** TEST12_BRANCH_ID: test transport failure in CONNECTED state. ** TEST13_BRANCH_ID: test transport failure in CONFIRMED state. ** ***************************************************************************** */ static int tsx_transport_failure_test(void) { struct test_desc { int transport_delay; int fail_delay; char *branch_id; char *title; } tests[] = { { 0, 10, TEST10_BRANCH_ID, "test10: failed transport in TRYING state (no delay)" }, { 50, 10, TEST10_BRANCH_ID, "test10: failed transport in TRYING state (50 ms delay)" }, { 0, 1500, TEST11_BRANCH_ID, "test11: failed transport in PROCEEDING state (no delay)" }, { 50, 1500, TEST11_BRANCH_ID, "test11: failed transport in PROCEEDING state (50 ms delay)" }, { 0, 2500, TEST12_BRANCH_ID, "test12: failed transport in COMPLETED state (no delay)" }, { 50, 2500, TEST12_BRANCH_ID, "test12: failed transport in COMPLETED state (50 ms delay)" }, }; int i, status; for (i=0; i<(int)PJ_ARRAY_SIZE(tests); ++i) { pj_time_val fail_time, end_test, now; PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " %s", tests[i].title)); pjsip_loop_set_failure(loop, 0, NULL); pjsip_loop_set_delay(loop, tests[i].transport_delay); status = perform_test(TARGET_URI, FROM_URI, tests[i].branch_id, 0, &pjsip_invite_method, 1, 0, 1); if (status && status != TEST_TIMEOUT_ERROR) return status; if (!status) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: expecting timeout")); return -40; } pj_gettimeofday(&fail_time); fail_time.msec += tests[i].fail_delay; pj_time_val_normalize(&fail_time); do { pj_time_val interval = { 0, 1 }; pj_gettimeofday(&now); pjsip_endpt_handle_events(endpt, &interval); } while (PJ_TIME_VAL_LT(now, fail_time)); pjsip_loop_set_failure(loop, 1, NULL); end_test = now; end_test.sec += 5; do { pj_time_val interval = { 0, 1 }; pj_gettimeofday(&now); pjsip_endpt_handle_events(endpt, &interval); } while (!test_complete && PJ_TIME_VAL_LT(now, end_test)); if (test_complete == 0) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " error: test has timed out")); return -41; } if (test_complete != 1) return test_complete; } return 0; } /***************************************************************************** ** ** UAS Transaction Test. ** ***************************************************************************** */ int tsx_uas_test(struct tsx_test_param *param) { pj_sockaddr_in addr; pj_status_t status; test_param = param; tp_flag = pjsip_transport_get_flag_from_type((pjsip_transport_type_e)param->type); pj_ansi_sprintf(TARGET_URI, "sip:bob@127.0.0.1:%d;transport=%s", param->port, param->tp_type); pj_ansi_sprintf(FROM_URI, "sip:alice@127.0.0.1:%d;transport=%s", param->port, param->tp_type); /* Check if loop transport is configured. */ status = pjsip_endpt_acquire_transport(endpt, PJSIP_TRANSPORT_LOOP_DGRAM, &addr, sizeof(addr), NULL, &loop); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { PJ_LOG(3,(THIS_FILE, " Error: loop transport is not configured!")); return -10; } /* Register modules. */ status = pjsip_endpt_register_module(endpt, &tsx_user); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { app_perror(" Error: unable to register module", status); return -3; } status = pjsip_endpt_register_module(endpt, &msg_sender); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { app_perror(" Error: unable to register module", status); return -4; } /* TEST1_BRANCH_ID: Basic 2xx final response. * TEST2_BRANCH_ID: Basic non-2xx final response. */ status = tsx_basic_final_response_test(); if (status != 0) return status; /* TEST3_BRANCH_ID: with provisional response */ status = tsx_basic_provisional_response_test(); if (status != 0) return status; /* TEST4_BRANCH_ID: absorbs retransmissions in TRYING state */ status = tsx_retransmit_last_response_test(TEST4_TITLE, TEST4_BRANCH_ID, TEST4_REQUEST_COUNT, TEST4_STATUS_CODE); if (status != 0) return status; /* TEST5_BRANCH_ID: retransmit last response in PROCEEDING state */ status = tsx_retransmit_last_response_test(TEST5_TITLE, TEST5_BRANCH_ID, TEST5_REQUEST_COUNT, TEST5_STATUS_CODE); if (status != 0) return status; /* TEST6_BRANCH_ID: retransmit last response in COMPLETED state * This only applies to non-reliable transports, * since UAS transaction is destroyed as soon * as final response is sent for reliable transports. */ if ((tp_flag & PJSIP_TRANSPORT_RELIABLE) == 0) { status = tsx_retransmit_last_response_test(TEST6_TITLE, TEST6_BRANCH_ID, TEST6_REQUEST_COUNT, TEST6_STATUS_CODE); if (status != 0) return status; } /* TEST7_BRANCH_ID: INVITE non-2xx final response retransmission test * TEST8_BRANCH_ID: INVITE 2xx final response retransmission test */ status = tsx_final_response_retransmission_test(); if (status != 0) return status; /* TEST9_BRANCH_ID: retransmission of non-2xx INVITE final response must * cease when ACK is received * Only applicable for non-reliable transports. */ if ((tp_flag & PJSIP_TRANSPORT_RELIABLE) == 0) { status = tsx_ack_test(); if (status != 0) return status; } /* TEST10_BRANCH_ID: test transport failure in TRYING state. * TEST11_BRANCH_ID: test transport failure in PROCEEDING state. * TEST12_BRANCH_ID: test transport failure in CONNECTED state. * TEST13_BRANCH_ID: test transport failure in CONFIRMED state. */ /* Only valid for loop-dgram */ if (param->type == PJSIP_TRANSPORT_LOOP_DGRAM) { status = tsx_transport_failure_test(); if (status != 0) return status; } /* Register modules. */ status = pjsip_endpt_unregister_module(endpt, &tsx_user); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { app_perror(" Error: unable to unregister module", status); return -8; } status = pjsip_endpt_unregister_module(endpt, &msg_sender); if (status != PJ_SUCCESS) { app_perror(" Error: unable to unregister module", status); return -9; } if (loop) pjsip_transport_dec_ref(loop); return 0; }