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2014-07-20media formats: re-architect handling of media for performance improvementsMatthew Jordan
In the old times media formats were represented using a bit field. This was fast but had a few limitations. 1. Asterisk was limited in how many formats it could handle. 2. Formats, being a bit field, could not include any attribute information. A format was strictly its type, e.g., "this is ulaw". This was changed in Asterisk 10 (see https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Media+Architecture+Proposal for notes on that work) which led to the creation of the ast_format structure. This structure allowed Asterisk to handle attributes and bundle information with a format. Additionally, ast_format_cap was created to act as a container for multiple formats that, together, formed the capability of some entity. Another mechanism was added to allow logic to be registered which performed format attribute negotiation. Everywhere throughout the codebase Asterisk was changed to use this strategy. Unfortunately, in software, there is no free lunch. These new capabilities came at a cost. Performance analysis and profiling showed that we spend an inordinate amount of time comparing, copying, and generally manipulating formats and their related structures. Basic prototyping has shown that a reasonably large performance improvement could be made in this area. This patch is the result of that project, which overhauled the media format architecture and its usage in Asterisk to improve performance. Generally, the new philosophy for handling formats is as follows: * The ast_format structure is reference counted. This removed a large amount of the memory allocations and copying that was done in prior versions. * In order to prevent race conditions while keeping things performant, the ast_format structure is immutable by convention and lock-free. Violate this tenet at your peril! * Because formats are reference counted, codecs are also reference counted. The Asterisk core generally provides built-in codecs and caches the ast_format structures created to represent them. Generally, to prevent inordinate amounts of module reference bumping, codecs and formats can be added at run-time but cannot be removed. * All compatibility with the bit field representation of codecs/formats has been moved to a compatibility API. The primary user of this representation is chan_iax2, which must continue to maintain its bit-field usage of formats for interoperability concerns. * When a format is negotiated with attributes, or when a format cannot be represented by one of the cached formats, a new format object is created or cloned from an existing format. That format may have the same codec underlying it, but is a different format than a version of the format with different attributes or without attributes. * While formats are reference counted objects, the reference count maintained on the format should be manipulated with care. Formats are generally cached and will persist for the lifetime of Asterisk and do not explicitly need to have their lifetime modified. An exception to this is when the user of a format does not know where the format came from *and* the user may outlive the provider of the format. This occurs, for example, when a format is read from a channel: the channel may have a format with attributes (hence, non-cached) and the user of the format may last longer than the channel (if the reference to the channel is released prior to the format's reference). For more information on this work, see the API design notes: https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Media+Format+Rewrite Finally, this work was the culmination of a large number of developer's efforts. Extra thanks goes to Corey Farrell, who took on a large amount of the work in the Asterisk core, chan_sip, and was an invaluable resource in peer reviews throughout this project. There were a substantial number of patches contributed during this work; the following issues/patch names simply reflect some of the work (and will cause the release scripts to give attribution to the individuals who work on them). Reviews: https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3814 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3808 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3805 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3803 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3801 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3798 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3800 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3794 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3793 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3792 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3791 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3790 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3789 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3788 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3787 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3786 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3784 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3783 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3778 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3774 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3775 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3772 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3761 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3754 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3753 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3751 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3750 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3748 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3747 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3746 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3742 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3740 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3739 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3738 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3737 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3736 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3734 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3722 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3713 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3703 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3689 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3687 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3674 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3671 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3667 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3665 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3625 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3602 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3519 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3518 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3516 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3515 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3512 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3506 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3413 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3410 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3387 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3388 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3389 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3390 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3321 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3320 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3319 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3318 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3266 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3265 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3234 https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3178 ASTERISK-23114 #close Reported by: mjordan media_formats_translation_core.diff uploaded by kharwell (License 6464) rb3506.diff uploaded by mjordan (License 6283) media_format_app_file.diff uploaded by kharwell (License 6464) misc-2.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) chan_mild-3.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) chan_obscure.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) jingle.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) funcs.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) formats.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) core.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) bridges.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) mf-codecs-2.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) mf-app_fax.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) mf-apps-3.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) media-formats-3.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) ASTERISK-23715 rb3713.patch uploaded by coreyfarrell (License 5909) rb3689.patch uploaded by mjordan (License 6283) ASTERISK-23957 rb3722.patch uploaded by mjordan (License 6283) mf-attributes-3.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) ASTERISK-23958 Tested by: jrose rb3822.patch uploaded by coreyfarrell (License 5909) rb3800.patch uploaded by jrose (License 6182) chan_sip.diff uploaded by mjordan (License 6283) rb3747.patch uploaded by jrose (License 6182) ASTERISK-23959 #close Tested by: sgriepentrog, mjordan, coreyfarrell sip_cleanup.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273) chan_sip_caps.diff uploaded by mjordan (License 6283) rb3751.patch uploaded by coreyfarrell (License 5909) chan_sip-3.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) ASTERISK-23960 #close Tested by: opticron direct_media.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273) pjsip-direct-media.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) format_cap_remove.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273) media_format_fixes.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273) chan_pjsip-2.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) ASTERISK-23966 #close Tested by: rmudgett rb3803.patch uploaded by rmudgetti (License 5621) chan_dahdi.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) ASTERISK-24064 #close Tested by: coreyfarrell, mjordan, opticron, file, rmudgett, sgriepentrog, jrose rb3814.patch uploaded by rmudgett (License 5621) moh_cleanup.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273) bridge_leak.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273) translate.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) rb3795.patch uploaded by rmudgett (License 5621) tls_fix.diff uploaded by mjordan (License 6283) fax-mf-fix-2.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) rtp_transfer_stuff uploaded by mjordan (License 6283) rb3787.patch uploaded by rmudgett (License 5621) media-formats-explicit-translate-format-3.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) format_cache_case_fix.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273) rb3774.patch uploaded by rmudgett (License 5621) rb3775.patch uploaded by rmudgett (License 5621) rtp_engine_fix.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273) rtp_crash_fix.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273) rb3753.patch uploaded by mjordan (License 6283) rb3750.patch uploaded by mjordan (License 6283) rb3748.patch uploaded by rmudgett (License 5621) media_format_fixes.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273) rb3740.patch uploaded by mjordan (License 6283) rb3739.patch uploaded by mjordan (License 6283) rb3734.patch uploaded by mjordan (License 6283) rb3689.patch uploaded by mjordan (License 6283) rb3674.patch uploaded by coreyfarrell (License 5909) rb3671.patch uploaded by coreyfarrell (License 5909) rb3667.patch uploaded by coreyfarrell (License 5909) rb3665.patch uploaded by mjordan (License 6283) rb3625.patch uploaded by coreyfarrell (License 5909) rb3602.patch uploaded by coreyfarrell (License 5909) format_compatibility-2.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) core.diff uploaded by file (License 5000) git-svn-id: https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/trunk@419044 65c4cc65-6c06-0410-ace0-fbb531ad65f3
2011-02-03Asterisk media architecture conversion - no more format bitfieldsDavid Vossel
This patch is the foundation of an entire new way of looking at media in Asterisk. The code present in this patch is everything required to complete phase1 of my Media Architecture proposal. For more information about this project visit the link below. https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Media+Architecture+Proposal The primary function of this patch is to convert all the usages of format bitfields in Asterisk to use the new format and format_cap APIs. Functionally no change in behavior should be present in this patch. Thanks to twilson and russell for all the time they spent reviewing these changes. Review: https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/1083/ git-svn-id: https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/trunk@306010 65c4cc65-6c06-0410-ace0-fbb531ad65f3
2009-05-21Const-ify the world (or at least a good part of it)Kevin P. Fleming
This patch adds 'const' tags to a number of Asterisk APIs where they are appropriate (where the API already demanded that the function argument not be modified, but the compiler was not informed of that fact). The list includes: - CLI command handlers - CLI command handler arguments - AGI command handlers - AGI command handler arguments - Dialplan application handler arguments - Speech engine API function arguments In addition, various file-scope and function-scope constant arrays got 'const' and/or 'static' qualifiers where they were missing. Review: https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/251/ git-svn-id: https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/trunk@196072 65c4cc65-6c06-0410-ace0-fbb531ad65f3
2007-11-23formatting cleanup on the header,Luigi Rizzo
normalization of the assignment of descriptor fields. git-svn-id: https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/trunk@89530 65c4cc65-6c06-0410-ace0-fbb531ad65f3
2007-07-16Merge a bunch of doxygen updates to header files. This includes changes toRussell Bryant
use the \retval tag for documenting return values, fixing various warnings when generating the documentation, and various other things. (closes issue #10203, snuffy) git-svn-id: https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/trunk@75164 65c4cc65-6c06-0410-ace0-fbb531ad65f3
2006-03-31removal of trailing whitespace and useless 'extern'Luigi Rizzo
git-svn-id: https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/trunk@16653 65c4cc65-6c06-0410-ace0-fbb531ad65f3
2006-02-01use string fields for some stuff in ast_channelKevin P. Fleming
const-ify some more APIs remove 'type' field from ast_channel, in favor of the one in the channel's tech structure allow string field module users to specify the 'chunk size' for pool allocations update chan_alsa to be compatible with recent const-ification patches git-svn-id: https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/trunk@9060 65c4cc65-6c06-0410-ace0-fbb531ad65f3
2006-01-03update copyright headers for files changed this yearKevin P. Fleming
git-svn-id: https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/trunk@7751 65c4cc65-6c06-0410-ace0-fbb531ad65f3
2006-01-03Bug #6118: Clean up list handling in image.c (drumkilla)Olle Johansson
git-svn-id: https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/trunk@7728 65c4cc65-6c06-0410-ace0-fbb531ad65f3
2005-11-29remove extraneous svn:executable propertiesKevin P. Fleming
git-svn-id: https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/trunk@7221 65c4cc65-6c06-0410-ace0-fbb531ad65f3
2005-10-24Doxygen documentation update from oej (issue #5505)Russell Bryant
git-svn-id: https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/trunk@6847 65c4cc65-6c06-0410-ace0-fbb531ad65f3
2005-08-30major header file cleanup: license, copyrights, descriptions, markers, etc.Kevin P. Fleming
remove deprecated config_old.c/config_old.h remove unused cvsid.h git-svn-id: https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/trunk@6454 65c4cc65-6c06-0410-ace0-fbb531ad65f3
2005-01-15Repair // comments to /* */ comments (bug #3347)Mark Spencer
git-svn-id: https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/trunk@4806 65c4cc65-6c06-0410-ace0-fbb531ad65f3
2001-10-31Version 0.1.10 from FTPMark Spencer
git-svn-id: https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/trunk@381 65c4cc65-6c06-0410-ace0-fbb531ad65f3
2001-05-26Version 0.1.9 from FTPMark Spencer
git-svn-id: https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/trunk@326 65c4cc65-6c06-0410-ace0-fbb531ad65f3