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In the old times media formats were represented using a bit field. This was
fast but had a few limitations.
1. Asterisk was limited in how many formats it could handle.
2. Formats, being a bit field, could not include any attribute information.
A format was strictly its type, e.g., "this is ulaw".
This was changed in Asterisk 10 (see
https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Media+Architecture+Proposal for
notes on that work) which led to the creation of the ast_format structure.
This structure allowed Asterisk to handle attributes and bundle information
with a format.
Additionally, ast_format_cap was created to act as a container for multiple
formats that, together, formed the capability of some entity. Another
mechanism was added to allow logic to be registered which performed format
attribute negotiation. Everywhere throughout the codebase Asterisk was
changed to use this strategy.
Unfortunately, in software, there is no free lunch. These new capabilities
came at a cost.
Performance analysis and profiling showed that we spend an inordinate
amount of time comparing, copying, and generally manipulating formats and
their related structures. Basic prototyping has shown that a reasonably
large performance improvement could be made in this area. This patch is the
result of that project, which overhauled the media format architecture
and its usage in Asterisk to improve performance.
Generally, the new philosophy for handling formats is as follows:
* The ast_format structure is reference counted. This removed a large amount
of the memory allocations and copying that was done in prior versions.
* In order to prevent race conditions while keeping things performant, the
ast_format structure is immutable by convention and lock-free. Violate this
tenet at your peril!
* Because formats are reference counted, codecs are also reference counted.
The Asterisk core generally provides built-in codecs and caches the
ast_format structures created to represent them. Generally, to prevent
inordinate amounts of module reference bumping, codecs and formats can be
added at run-time but cannot be removed.
* All compatibility with the bit field representation of codecs/formats has
been moved to a compatibility API. The primary user of this representation
is chan_iax2, which must continue to maintain its bit-field usage of formats
for interoperability concerns.
* When a format is negotiated with attributes, or when a format cannot be
represented by one of the cached formats, a new format object is created or
cloned from an existing format. That format may have the same codec
underlying it, but is a different format than a version of the format with
different attributes or without attributes.
* While formats are reference counted objects, the reference count maintained
on the format should be manipulated with care. Formats are generally cached
and will persist for the lifetime of Asterisk and do not explicitly need
to have their lifetime modified. An exception to this is when the user of a
format does not know where the format came from *and* the user may outlive
the provider of the format. This occurs, for example, when a format is read
from a channel: the channel may have a format with attributes (hence,
non-cached) and the user of the format may last longer than the channel (if
the reference to the channel is released prior to the format's reference).
For more information on this work, see the API design notes:
https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Media+Format+Rewrite
Finally, this work was the culmination of a large number of developer's
efforts. Extra thanks goes to Corey Farrell, who took on a large amount of the
work in the Asterisk core, chan_sip, and was an invaluable resource in peer
reviews throughout this project.
There were a substantial number of patches contributed during this work; the
following issues/patch names simply reflect some of the work (and will cause
the release scripts to give attribution to the individuals who work on them).
Reviews:
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3814
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3808
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3805
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3803
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3801
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3798
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3800
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3794
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3793
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3792
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3791
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3790
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3789
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3788
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3787
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3786
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3784
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3783
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3778
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3774
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3775
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3772
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3761
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3754
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3753
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3751
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3750
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3748
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3747
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3746
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3742
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3740
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3739
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3738
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3737
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3736
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3734
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3722
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3713
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3703
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3689
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3687
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3674
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3671
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3667
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3665
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3625
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3602
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3519
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3518
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3516
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3515
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3512
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3506
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3413
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3410
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3387
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3388
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3389
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3390
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3321
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3320
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3319
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3318
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3266
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3265
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3234
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3178
ASTERISK-23114 #close
Reported by: mjordan
media_formats_translation_core.diff uploaded by kharwell (License 6464)
rb3506.diff uploaded by mjordan (License 6283)
media_format_app_file.diff uploaded by kharwell (License 6464)
misc-2.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
chan_mild-3.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
chan_obscure.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
jingle.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
funcs.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
formats.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
core.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
bridges.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
mf-codecs-2.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
mf-app_fax.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
mf-apps-3.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
media-formats-3.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
ASTERISK-23715
rb3713.patch uploaded by coreyfarrell (License 5909)
rb3689.patch uploaded by mjordan (License 6283)
ASTERISK-23957
rb3722.patch uploaded by mjordan (License 6283)
mf-attributes-3.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
ASTERISK-23958
Tested by: jrose
rb3822.patch uploaded by coreyfarrell (License 5909)
rb3800.patch uploaded by jrose (License 6182)
chan_sip.diff uploaded by mjordan (License 6283)
rb3747.patch uploaded by jrose (License 6182)
ASTERISK-23959 #close
Tested by: sgriepentrog, mjordan, coreyfarrell
sip_cleanup.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273)
chan_sip_caps.diff uploaded by mjordan (License 6283)
rb3751.patch uploaded by coreyfarrell (License 5909)
chan_sip-3.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
ASTERISK-23960 #close
Tested by: opticron
direct_media.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273)
pjsip-direct-media.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
format_cap_remove.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273)
media_format_fixes.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273)
chan_pjsip-2.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
ASTERISK-23966 #close
Tested by: rmudgett
rb3803.patch uploaded by rmudgetti (License 5621)
chan_dahdi.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
ASTERISK-24064 #close
Tested by: coreyfarrell, mjordan, opticron, file, rmudgett, sgriepentrog, jrose
rb3814.patch uploaded by rmudgett (License 5621)
moh_cleanup.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273)
bridge_leak.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273)
translate.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
rb3795.patch uploaded by rmudgett (License 5621)
tls_fix.diff uploaded by mjordan (License 6283)
fax-mf-fix-2.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
rtp_transfer_stuff uploaded by mjordan (License 6283)
rb3787.patch uploaded by rmudgett (License 5621)
media-formats-explicit-translate-format-3.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
format_cache_case_fix.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273)
rb3774.patch uploaded by rmudgett (License 5621)
rb3775.patch uploaded by rmudgett (License 5621)
rtp_engine_fix.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273)
rtp_crash_fix.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273)
rb3753.patch uploaded by mjordan (License 6283)
rb3750.patch uploaded by mjordan (License 6283)
rb3748.patch uploaded by rmudgett (License 5621)
media_format_fixes.diff uploaded by opticron (License 6273)
rb3740.patch uploaded by mjordan (License 6283)
rb3739.patch uploaded by mjordan (License 6283)
rb3734.patch uploaded by mjordan (License 6283)
rb3689.patch uploaded by mjordan (License 6283)
rb3674.patch uploaded by coreyfarrell (License 5909)
rb3671.patch uploaded by coreyfarrell (License 5909)
rb3667.patch uploaded by coreyfarrell (License 5909)
rb3665.patch uploaded by mjordan (License 6283)
rb3625.patch uploaded by coreyfarrell (License 5909)
rb3602.patch uploaded by coreyfarrell (License 5909)
format_compatibility-2.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
core.diff uploaded by file (License 5000)
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This resolves a large number of compiler warnings from GCC 4.10 which
cause the build to fail under dev mode. The vast majority are
signed/unsigned mismatches in printf-style format strings.
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Reported by: Michael Walton
Tested by: Jonathan Rose
Patches:
slinfactory.c.ASTERISK-21799.patch uploaded by Michael Walton (license 6502)
(closes issue ASTERISK-21799)
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r369001 | kpfleming | 2012-06-15 10:56:08 -0500 (Fri, 15 Jun 2012) | 11 lines
Add support-level indications to many more source files.
Since we now have tools that scan through the source tree looking for files
with specific support levels, we need to ensure that every file that is
a component of a 'core' or 'extended' module (or the main Asterisk binary)
is explicitly marked with its support level. This patch adds support-level
indications to many more source files in tree, but avoids adding them to
third-party libraries that are included in the tree and to source files
that don't end up involved in Asterisk itself.
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r369002 | kpfleming | 2012-06-15 10:57:14 -0500 (Fri, 15 Jun 2012) | 3 lines
Add a script to enable finding source files without support-levels defined.
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Everything still compiled after making these changes, so I assume these
whitespace-only changes didn't break anything (and shouldn't have).
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audio ConfBridge, and other stuff
-Functional changes
1. Dynamic global format list build by codecs defined in codecs.conf
2. SILK 8khz, 12khz, 16khz, and 24khz with custom attributes defined in codecs.conf
3. Negotiation of SILK attributes in chan_sip.
4. SPEEX 32khz with translation
5. SLINEAR 8khz, 12khz, 24khz, 32khz, 44.1khz, 48khz, 96khz, 192khz with translation
using codec_resample.c
6. Various changes to RTP code required to properly handle the dynamic format list
and formats with attributes.
7. ConfBridge now dynamically jumps to the best possible sample rate. This allows
for conferences to take advantage of HD audio (Which sounds awesome)
8. Audiohooks are no longer limited to 8khz audio, and most effects have been
updated to take advantage of this such as Volume, DENOISE, PITCH_SHIFT.
9. codec_resample now uses its own code rather than depending on libresample.
-Organizational changes
Global format list is moved from frame.c to format.c
Various format specific functions moved from frame.c to format.c
Review: https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/1104/
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This patch is the foundation of an entire new way of looking at media in Asterisk.
The code present in this patch is everything required to complete phase1 of my
Media Architecture proposal. For more information about this project visit the link below.
https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Media+Architecture+Proposal
The primary function of this patch is to convert all the usages of format
bitfields in Asterisk to use the new format and format_cap APIs. Functionally
no change in behavior should be present in this patch. Thanks to twilson
and russell for all the time they spent reviewing these changes.
Review: https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/1083/
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Reviewboard: https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/416/
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https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/branches/1.4
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r200991 | kpfleming | 2009-06-16 12:05:38 -0500 (Tue, 16 Jun 2009) | 11 lines
Improve support for media paths that can generate multiple frames at once.
There are various media paths in Asterisk (codec translators and UDPTL, primarily)
that can generate more than one frame to be generated when the application calling
them expects only a single frame. This patch addresses a number of those cases,
at least the primary ones to solve the known problems. In addition it removes the
broken TRACE_FRAMES support, fixes a number of bugs in various frame-related API
functions, and cleans up various code paths affected by these changes.
https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/175/
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sample rate selection by creator of the slinfactory
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https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/branches/1.4
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r171621 | mmichelson | 2009-01-27 14:06:01 -0600 (Tue, 27 Jan 2009) | 18 lines
Prevent a crash from occurring when a jitter buffer interpolated frame is
removed from a slinfactory
slinfactory used the "samples" field of an ast_frame in order to determine
the amount of data contained within the frame. In certain cases, such as
jitter buffer interpolated frames, the frame would have a non-zero value for
"samples" but have NULL "data"
This caused a problem when a memcpy call in ast_slinfactory_read would attempt
to access invalid memory. The solution in use here is to never feed frames into
the slinfactory if they have NULL "data"
(closes issue #13116)
Reported by: aragon
Patches:
13116.diff uploaded by putnopvut (license 60)
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- make data member of the ast_frame struct a named union instead of a void
Recently the ast_queue_hangup function got a new parameter, the hangupcause
Feedback came in that this is no good and that instead a new function should be created.
This I did.
The hangupcause was stored in the seqno member of the ast_frame struct. This is not very
elegant, and since there's already a data member that one should be used.
Problem is, this member was a void *.
Now it's a named union so it can hold a pointer, an uint32 and there's a padding in case someone
wants to store another type in there in the future.
This commit is so massive, because all ast_frame.data uses have to be
altered to ast_frame.data.data
Thanks russellb and kpfleming for the feedback.
(closes issue #12674)
Reported by: mvanbaak
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for a given domain, the hostname and port listed in the SRV record will be used. If no SRV record exists or a SRV lookup is not attempted, the DNS lookup on the specified domain will be performed as normal. Chan_sip has been modified to take advantage of the new SRV support.
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https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/branches/1.4
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r112125 | file | 2008-04-01 13:45:14 -0300 (Tue, 01 Apr 2008) | 5 lines
Ensure that we do not exceed the hold's maximum size with a single frame.
(closes issue #12047)
Reported by: fabianoheringer
Tested by: fabianoheringer
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https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/branches/1.4
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r101222 | file | 2008-01-30 11:41:04 -0400 (Wed, 30 Jan 2008) | 4 lines
Fix an issue where if a frame of higher sample size preceeded a frame of lower sample size and ast_slinfactory_read was called with a sample size of the combined values or higher a crash would happen.
(closes issue #11878)
Reported by: stuarth
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https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/branches/1.4
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r99187 | russell | 2008-01-19 04:05:27 -0600 (Sat, 19 Jan 2008) | 4 lines
Fix a couple of memory leaks with frame handling. Specifically,
ast_frame_free() needed to be called on the frame that came from the translator
to signed linear.
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build times - tested, there is no measureable difference before and
after this commit.
In this change:
use asterisk/compat.h to include a small set of system headers:
inttypes.h, unistd.h, stddef.h, stddint.h, sys/types.h, stdarg.h,
stdlib.h, alloca.h, stdio.h
Where available, the inclusion is conditional on HAVE_FOO_H as determined
by autoconf.
Normally, source files should not include any of the above system headers,
and instead use either "asterisk.h" or "asterisk/compat.h" which does it
better.
For the time being I have left alone second-level directories
(main/db1-ast, etc.).
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listen and manipulate the audio going through a channel.
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signed linear frame in. Chances are the stream has then switched to signed linear and we no longer need the path.
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https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/branches/1.4
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r66074 | file | 2007-05-24 18:16:58 -0400 (Thu, 24 May 2007) | 2 lines
Fix slinfactory logic when dealing with frames coming in that may already be in the signed linear format.
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https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/branches/1.4
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r57798 | file | 2007-03-04 23:19:53 -0500 (Sun, 04 Mar 2007) | 2 lines
Don't allow a NULL pointer to reach ast_frdup. (issue #9155 reported by cmaj)
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r43695 | file | 2006-09-26 16:09:41 -0400 (Tue, 26 Sep 2006) | 2 lines
Slight overhaul of the whisper support. 1. We need to duplicate the frame from ast_translate 2. We need to ensure we always have signed linear coming in for signed linear combining. 3. We need to ensure we are always feeding signed linear out. 4. Properly store and restore write format when beeping on the channel we are whispering on. 5. Properly discontinue the stream on the channel for the beep. (issue #8019 reported by timkelly1980)
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There are some situations in Asterisk where ast_frame and/or iax_frame
structures are rapidly allocatted and freed (at least 50 times per second
for one call).
This code significantly improves the performance of ast_frame_header_new(),
ast_frdup(), ast_frfree(), iax_frame_new(), and iax_frame_free() by keeping
a thread-local cache of these structures and using frames from the cache
whenever possible instead of calling malloc/free every time.
This commit also converts the ast_frame and iax_frame structures to use the
linked list macros.
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- restructured build tree and makefiles to eliminate recursion problems
- support for embedded modules
- support for static builds
- simpler cross-compilation support
- simpler module/loader interface (no exported symbols)
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