ARI: Don't leak implementation details

This change prevents channels used as implementation details from
leaking out to ARI. It does this by preventing creation of JSON blobs
of channel snapshots created from those channels and sanitizing JSON
blobs of bridge snapshots as they are created. This introduces a
framework for excluding information from output targeted at Stasis
applications on a consumer-by-consumer basis using channel sanitization
callbacks which could be extended to bridges or endpoints if necessary.

This prevents unhelpful error messages from being generated by
ast_json_pack.

This also corrects a bug where BridgeCreated events would not be
created.

(closes issue ASTERISK-22744)
Review: https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/2987/
Reported by: David M. Lee
........

Merged revisions 403069 from http://svn.asterisk.org/svn/asterisk/branches/12


git-svn-id: https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/trunk@403070 65c4cc65-6c06-0410-ace0-fbb531ad65f3

16 files changed, 314 insertions, 80 deletions

diff --git a/include/asterisk/stasis.h b/include/asterisk/stasis.h
index 955bdc3fc..6bc5171e0 100644
--- a/include/asterisk/stasis.h
+++ b/include/asterisk/stasis.h
@@ -187,6 +187,36 @@ struct stasis_message_type;
 struct stasis_message;
 
 /*!
+ * \brief Structure containing callbacks for Stasis message sanitization
+ *
+ * \note If either callback is implemented, both should be implemented since
+ * not all callers may have access to the full snapshot.
+ */
+struct stasis_message_sanitizer {
+	/*!
+	 * \brief Callback which determines whether a channel should be sanitized from
+	 * a message based on the channel's unique ID
+	 *
+	 * \param channel_id The unique ID of the channel
+	 *
+	 * \retval non-zero if the channel should be left out of the message
+	 * \retval zero if the channel should remain in the message
+	 */
+	int (*channel_id)(const char *channel_id);
+
+	/*!
+	 * \brief Callback which determines whether a channel should be sanitized from
+	 * a message based on the channel's snapshot
+	 *
+	 * \param snapshot A snapshot generated from the channel
+	 *
+	 * \retval non-zero if the channel should be left out of the message
+	 * \retval zero if the channel should remain in the message
+	 */
+	int (*channel_snapshot)(const struct ast_channel_snapshot *snapshot);
+};
+
+/*!
  * \brief Virtual table providing methods for messages.
  * \since 12
  */
@@ -198,17 +228,19 @@ struct stasis_message_vtable {
 	 * The returned object should be ast_json_unref()'ed.
 	 *
 	 * \param message Message to convert to JSON string.
+	 * \param sanitize Snapshot sanitization callback.
+	 *
 	 * \return Newly allocated JSON message.
 	 * \return \c NULL on error.
 	 * \return \c NULL if JSON format is not supported.
 	 */
-	struct ast_json *(*to_json)(struct stasis_message *message);
+	struct ast_json *(*to_json)(struct stasis_message *message, const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize);
 
 	/*!
 	 * \brief Build the AMI representation of the message.
 	 *
 	 * May be \c NULL, or may return \c NULL, to indicate no representation.
-	 * The returned object should be ao2_cleankup()'ed.
+	 * The returned object should be ao2_cleanup()'ed.
 	 *
 	 * \param message Message to convert to AMI string.
 	 * \return Newly allocated \ref ast_manager_event_blob.
@@ -292,11 +324,13 @@ const struct timeval *stasis_message_timestamp(const struct stasis_message *msg)
  * be ast_json_unref()'ed.
  *
  * \param message Message to convert to JSON string.
+ * \param sanitize Snapshot sanitization callback.
+ *
  * \return Newly allocated string with JSON message.
  * \return \c NULL on error.
  * \return \c NULL if JSON format is not supported.
  */
-struct ast_json *stasis_message_to_json(struct stasis_message *message);
+struct ast_json *stasis_message_to_json(struct stasis_message *message, struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize);
 
 /*!
  * \brief Build the AMI representation of the message.
diff --git a/include/asterisk/stasis_app.h b/include/asterisk/stasis_app.h
index 801b7adb2..4ef55b193 100644
--- a/include/asterisk/stasis_app.h
+++ b/include/asterisk/stasis_app.h
@@ -532,6 +532,13 @@ void stasis_app_ref(void);
  */
 void stasis_app_unref(void);
 
+/*!
+ * \brief Get the Stasis message sanitizer for app_stasis applications
+ *
+ * \retval The stasis message sanitizer
+ */
+struct stasis_message_sanitizer *stasis_app_get_sanitizer(void);
+
 /*! @} */
 
 #endif /* _ASTERISK_STASIS_APP_H */
diff --git a/include/asterisk/stasis_bridges.h b/include/asterisk/stasis_bridges.h
index d82bcffaf..9412bf0b7 100644
--- a/include/asterisk/stasis_bridges.h
+++ b/include/asterisk/stasis_bridges.h
@@ -231,10 +231,15 @@ void ast_bridge_publish_leave(struct ast_bridge *bridge, struct ast_channel *cha
 
 /*!
  * \brief Build a JSON object from a \ref ast_bridge_snapshot.
+ *
+ * \param snapshot The bridge snapshot to convert to JSON
+ * \param sanitize The message sanitizer to use on the snapshot
+ *
  * \return JSON object representing bridge snapshot.
  * \return \c NULL on error
  */
-struct ast_json *ast_bridge_snapshot_to_json(const struct ast_bridge_snapshot *snapshot);
+struct ast_json *ast_bridge_snapshot_to_json(const struct ast_bridge_snapshot *snapshot,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize);
 
 /*!
  * \brief Pair showing a bridge snapshot and a specific channel snapshot belonging to the bridge
diff --git a/include/asterisk/stasis_channels.h b/include/asterisk/stasis_channels.h
index 7d9c3efdc..519a4b676 100644
--- a/include/asterisk/stasis_channels.h
+++ b/include/asterisk/stasis_channels.h
@@ -541,10 +541,15 @@ void ast_publish_channel_state(struct ast_channel *chan);
 
 /*!
  * \brief Build a JSON object from a \ref ast_channel_snapshot.
+ *
+ * \param snapshot The snapshot to convert to JSON
+ * \param sanitize The message sanitizer to use on the snapshot
+ *
  * \return JSON object representing channel snapshot.
  * \return \c NULL on error
  */
-struct ast_json *ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(const struct ast_channel_snapshot *snapshot);
+struct ast_json *ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(const struct ast_channel_snapshot *snapshot,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize);
 
 /*!
  * \brief Compares the context, exten and priority of two snapshots.
diff --git a/include/asterisk/stasis_endpoints.h b/include/asterisk/stasis_endpoints.h
index 0ba233bf8..1d56a8fea 100644
--- a/include/asterisk/stasis_endpoints.h
+++ b/include/asterisk/stasis_endpoints.h
@@ -208,11 +208,14 @@ struct ast_endpoint_snapshot *ast_endpoint_latest_snapshot(const char *tech,
  * \brief Build a JSON object from a \ref ast_endpoint_snapshot.
  *
  * \param snapshot Endpoint snapshot.
+ * \param sanitize The message sanitizer to use on the snapshot
+ *
  * \return JSON object representing endpoint snapshot.
  * \return \c NULL on error
  */
 struct ast_json *ast_endpoint_snapshot_to_json(
-	const struct ast_endpoint_snapshot *snapshot);
+	const struct ast_endpoint_snapshot *snapshot,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize);
 
 /*!
  * \brief Initialization function for endpoint stasis support.
diff --git a/main/json.c b/main/json.c
index ce4c6cfc9..066a5df17 100644
--- a/main/json.c
+++ b/main/json.c
@@ -690,7 +690,7 @@ struct ast_json *ast_json_vpack(char const *format, va_list ap)
 	struct ast_json *r = NULL;
 	if (format) {
 		r = (struct ast_json *)json_vpack_ex(&error, 0, format, ap);
-		if (!r) {
+		if (!r && !ast_strlen_zero(error.text)) {
 			ast_log(LOG_ERROR,
 				"Error building JSON from '%s': %s.\n",
 				format, error.text);
diff --git a/main/rtp_engine.c b/main/rtp_engine.c
index b02c6bb1b..c63bab0ea 100644
--- a/main/rtp_engine.c
+++ b/main/rtp_engine.c
@@ -1780,13 +1780,14 @@ static struct ast_manager_event_blob *rtcp_report_to_ami(struct stasis_message *
 		ast_str_buffer(packet_string));
 }
 
-static struct ast_json *rtcp_report_to_json(struct stasis_message *msg)
+static struct ast_json *rtcp_report_to_json(struct stasis_message *msg,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize)
 {
 	struct rtcp_message_payload *payload = stasis_message_data(msg);
 	RAII_VAR(struct ast_json *, json_rtcp_report, NULL, ast_json_unref);
 	RAII_VAR(struct ast_json *, json_rtcp_report_blocks, NULL, ast_json_unref);
 	RAII_VAR(struct ast_json *, json_rtcp_sender_info, NULL, ast_json_unref);
-	struct ast_json * json_payload;
+	RAII_VAR(struct ast_json *, json_channel, NULL, ast_json_unref);
 	int i;
 
 	json_rtcp_report_blocks = ast_json_array_create();
@@ -1835,11 +1836,17 @@ static struct ast_json *rtcp_report_to_json(struct stasis_message *msg)
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	json_payload = ast_json_pack("{s: O, s: O, s: O}",
-		"channel", payload->snapshot ? ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(payload->snapshot) : ast_json_null(),
+	if (payload->snapshot) {
+		json_channel = ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(payload->snapshot, sanitize);
+		if (!json_channel) {
+			return NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ast_json_pack("{s: O, s: O, s: O}",
+		"channel", payload->snapshot ? json_channel : ast_json_null(),
 		"rtcp_report", json_rtcp_report,
 		"blob", payload->blob);
-	return json_payload;
 }
 
 static void rtp_rtcp_report_dtor(void *obj)
diff --git a/main/stasis_bridges.c b/main/stasis_bridges.c
index 7d078f9d0..b92d048bc 100644
--- a/main/stasis_bridges.c
+++ b/main/stasis_bridges.c
@@ -135,9 +135,15 @@ ASTERISK_FILE_VERSION(__FILE__, "$Revision$")
 
 static struct ast_manager_event_blob *attended_transfer_to_ami(struct stasis_message *message);
 static struct ast_manager_event_blob *blind_transfer_to_ami(struct stasis_message *message);
-static struct ast_json *ast_channel_entered_bridge_to_json(struct stasis_message *msg);
-static struct ast_json *ast_channel_left_bridge_to_json(struct stasis_message *msg);
-static struct ast_json *ast_bridge_merge_message_to_json(struct stasis_message *msg);
+static struct ast_json *ast_channel_entered_bridge_to_json(
+	struct stasis_message *msg,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize);
+static struct ast_json *ast_channel_left_bridge_to_json(
+	struct stasis_message *msg,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize);
+static struct ast_json *ast_bridge_merge_message_to_json(
+	struct stasis_message *msg,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize);
 
 static struct stasis_cp_all *bridge_cache_all;
 
@@ -316,17 +322,25 @@ static struct ast_bridge_merge_message *bridge_merge_message_create(struct ast_b
 	return msg;
 }
 
-static struct ast_json *ast_bridge_merge_message_to_json(struct stasis_message *msg)
+static struct ast_json *ast_bridge_merge_message_to_json(
+	struct stasis_message *msg,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize)
 {
-	struct ast_bridge_merge_message *merge;
+	struct ast_bridge_merge_message *merge = stasis_message_data(msg);
+	RAII_VAR(struct ast_json *, json_bridge_to,
+		ast_bridge_snapshot_to_json(merge->to, sanitize), ast_json_unref);
+	RAII_VAR(struct ast_json *, json_bridge_from,
+		ast_bridge_snapshot_to_json(merge->from, sanitize), ast_json_unref);
 
-	merge = stasis_message_data(msg);
+	if (!json_bridge_to || !json_bridge_from) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
 
-        return ast_json_pack("{s: s, s: o, s: o, s: o}",
+        return ast_json_pack("{s: s, s: o, s: O, s: O}",
                 "type", "BridgeMerged",
                 "timestamp", ast_json_timeval(*stasis_message_timestamp(msg), NULL),
-                "bridge", ast_bridge_snapshot_to_json(merge->to),
-                "bridge_from", ast_bridge_snapshot_to_json(merge->from));
+                "bridge", json_bridge_to,
+                "bridge_from", json_bridge_from);
 }
 
 void ast_bridge_publish_merge(struct ast_bridge *to, struct ast_bridge *from)
@@ -443,45 +457,63 @@ static struct ast_json *simple_bridge_channel_event(
         const char *type,
         struct ast_bridge_snapshot *bridge_snapshot,
         struct ast_channel_snapshot *channel_snapshot,
-        const struct timeval *tv)
+        const struct timeval *tv,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize)
 {
-        return ast_json_pack("{s: s, s: o, s: o, s: o}",
+	RAII_VAR(struct ast_json *, json_bridge,
+		ast_bridge_snapshot_to_json(bridge_snapshot, sanitize), ast_json_unref);
+	RAII_VAR(struct ast_json *, json_channel,
+		ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(channel_snapshot, sanitize), ast_json_unref);
+
+	if (!json_bridge || !json_channel) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+        return ast_json_pack("{s: s, s: o, s: O, s: O}",
                 "type", type,
                 "timestamp", ast_json_timeval(*tv, NULL),
-                "bridge", ast_bridge_snapshot_to_json(bridge_snapshot),
-                "channel", ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(channel_snapshot));
+                "bridge", json_bridge,
+                "channel", json_channel);
 }
 
-struct ast_json *ast_channel_entered_bridge_to_json(struct stasis_message *msg)
+struct ast_json *ast_channel_entered_bridge_to_json(
+	struct stasis_message *msg,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize)
 {
         struct ast_bridge_blob *obj = stasis_message_data(msg);
 
 	return simple_bridge_channel_event("ChannelEnteredBridge", obj->bridge,
-                obj->channel, stasis_message_timestamp(msg));
+                obj->channel, stasis_message_timestamp(msg), sanitize);
 }
 
-struct ast_json *ast_channel_left_bridge_to_json(struct stasis_message *msg)
+struct ast_json *ast_channel_left_bridge_to_json(
+	struct stasis_message *msg,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize)
 {
         struct ast_bridge_blob *obj = stasis_message_data(msg);
 
 	return simple_bridge_channel_event("ChannelLeftBridge", obj->bridge,
-                obj->channel, stasis_message_timestamp(msg));
+                obj->channel, stasis_message_timestamp(msg), sanitize);
 }
 
-typedef struct ast_json *(*json_item_serializer_cb)(void *obj);
-
-static struct ast_json *container_to_json_array(struct ao2_container *items, json_item_serializer_cb item_cb)
+static struct ast_json *container_to_json_array(struct ao2_container *items,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize)
 {
 	RAII_VAR(struct ast_json *, json_items, ast_json_array_create(), ast_json_unref);
-	void *item;
+	char *item;
 	struct ao2_iterator it;
 	if (!json_items) {
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	it = ao2_iterator_init(items, 0);
-	while ((item = ao2_iterator_next(&it))) {
-		if (ast_json_array_append(json_items, item_cb(item))) {
+	for (it = ao2_iterator_init(items, 0);
+		(item = ao2_iterator_next(&it)); ao2_cleanup(item)) {
+		if (sanitize && sanitize->channel_id && sanitize->channel_id(item)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (ast_json_array_append(json_items, ast_json_string_create(item))) {
+			ao2_cleanup(item);
 			ao2_iterator_destroy(&it);
 			return NULL;
 		}
@@ -500,7 +532,9 @@ static const char *capability2str(uint32_t capabilities)
 	}
 }
 
-struct ast_json *ast_bridge_snapshot_to_json(const struct ast_bridge_snapshot *snapshot)
+struct ast_json *ast_bridge_snapshot_to_json(
+	const struct ast_bridge_snapshot *snapshot,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize)
 {
 	RAII_VAR(struct ast_json *, json_bridge, NULL, ast_json_unref);
 	struct ast_json *json_channels;
@@ -509,8 +543,7 @@ struct ast_json *ast_bridge_snapshot_to_json(const struct ast_bridge_snapshot *s
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
-	json_channels = container_to_json_array(snapshot->channels,
-		(json_item_serializer_cb)ast_json_string_create);
+	json_channels = container_to_json_array(snapshot->channels, sanitize);
 	if (!json_channels) {
 		return NULL;
 	}
diff --git a/main/stasis_channels.c b/main/stasis_channels.c
index f178df35b..38aac982e 100644
--- a/main/stasis_channels.c
+++ b/main/stasis_channels.c
@@ -755,11 +755,15 @@ void ast_publish_channel_state(struct ast_channel *chan)
 	stasis_publish(ast_channel_topic(chan), message);
 }
 
-struct ast_json *ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(const struct ast_channel_snapshot *snapshot)
+struct ast_json *ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(
+	const struct ast_channel_snapshot *snapshot,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize)
 {
 	RAII_VAR(struct ast_json *, json_chan, NULL, ast_json_unref);
 
-	if (snapshot == NULL) {
+	if (snapshot == NULL
+		|| (sanitize && sanitize->channel_snapshot
+		&& sanitize->channel_snapshot(snapshot))) {
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
@@ -817,8 +821,10 @@ int ast_channel_snapshot_caller_id_equal(
 		strcmp(old_snapshot->caller_name, new_snapshot->caller_name) == 0;
 }
 
-static struct ast_json *channel_blob_to_json(struct stasis_message *message,
-	const char *type)
+static struct ast_json *channel_blob_to_json(
+	struct stasis_message *message,
+	const char *type,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize)
 {
 	RAII_VAR(struct ast_json *, out, NULL, ast_json_unref);
 	struct ast_channel_blob *channel_blob = stasis_message_data(message);
@@ -844,8 +850,13 @@ static struct ast_json *channel_blob_to_json(struct stasis_message *message,
 
 	/* For global channel messages, the snapshot is optional */
 	if (snapshot) {
-		res |= ast_json_object_set(out, "channel",
-			ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot));
+		struct ast_json *json_channel = ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot, sanitize);
+
+		if (!json_channel) {
+			return NULL;
+		}
+
+		res |= ast_json_object_set(out, "channel", json_channel);
 	}
 
 	if (res != 0) {
@@ -855,7 +866,9 @@ static struct ast_json *channel_blob_to_json(struct stasis_message *message,
 	return ast_json_ref(out);
 }
 
-static struct ast_json *dtmf_end_to_json(struct stasis_message *message)
+static struct ast_json *dtmf_end_to_json(
+	struct stasis_message *message,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize)
 {
 	struct ast_channel_blob *channel_blob = stasis_message_data(message);
 	struct ast_json *blob = channel_blob->blob;
@@ -863,43 +876,59 @@ static struct ast_json *dtmf_end_to_json(struct stasis_message *message)
 	const char *direction =
 		ast_json_string_get(ast_json_object_get(blob, "direction"));
 	const struct timeval *tv = stasis_message_timestamp(message);
+	struct ast_json *json_channel = ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot, sanitize);
 
 	/* Only present received DTMF end events as JSON */
 	if (strcasecmp("Received", direction) != 0) {
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
+	if (!json_channel) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
 	return ast_json_pack("{s: s, s: o, s: O, s: O, s: o}",
 		"type", "ChannelDtmfReceived",
 		"timestamp", ast_json_timeval(*tv, NULL),
 		"digit", ast_json_object_get(blob, "digit"),
 		"duration_ms", ast_json_object_get(blob, "duration_ms"),
-		"channel", ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot));
+		"channel", json_channel);
 }
 
-static struct ast_json *user_event_to_json(struct stasis_message *message)
+static struct ast_json *user_event_to_json(
+	struct stasis_message *message,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize)
 {
 	struct ast_channel_blob *channel_blob = stasis_message_data(message);
 	struct ast_json *blob = channel_blob->blob;
 	struct ast_channel_snapshot *snapshot = channel_blob->snapshot;
 	const struct timeval *tv = stasis_message_timestamp(message);
+	struct ast_json *json_channel = ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot, sanitize);
+
+	if (!json_channel) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
 
 	return ast_json_pack("{s: s, s: o, s: O, s: O, s: o}",
 		"type", "ChannelUserevent",
 		"timestamp", ast_json_timeval(*tv, NULL),
 		"eventname", ast_json_object_get(blob, "eventname"),
 		"userevent", blob,
-		"channel", ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot));
+		"channel", json_channel);
 }
 
-static struct ast_json *varset_to_json(struct stasis_message *message)
+static struct ast_json *varset_to_json(
+	struct stasis_message *message,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize)
 {
-	return channel_blob_to_json(message, "ChannelVarset");
+	return channel_blob_to_json(message, "ChannelVarset", sanitize);
 }
 
-static struct ast_json *hangup_request_to_json(struct stasis_message *message)
+static struct ast_json *hangup_request_to_json(
+	struct stasis_message *message,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize)
 {
-	return channel_blob_to_json(message, "ChannelHangupRequest");
+	return channel_blob_to_json(message, "ChannelHangupRequest", sanitize);
 }
 
 /*!
diff --git a/main/stasis_endpoints.c b/main/stasis_endpoints.c
index 096770a3d..81c4f15a3 100644
--- a/main/stasis_endpoints.c
+++ b/main/stasis_endpoints.c
@@ -237,7 +237,8 @@ static const char *endpoint_snapshot_get_id(struct stasis_message *message)
 
 
 struct ast_json *ast_endpoint_snapshot_to_json(
-	const struct ast_endpoint_snapshot *snapshot)
+	const struct ast_endpoint_snapshot *snapshot,
+	const struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize)
 {
 	RAII_VAR(struct ast_json *, json, NULL, ast_json_unref);
 	struct ast_json *channel_array;
@@ -264,7 +265,14 @@ struct ast_json *ast_endpoint_snapshot_to_json(
 	channel_array = ast_json_object_get(json, "channel_ids");
 	ast_assert(channel_array != NULL);
 	for (i = 0; i < snapshot->num_channels; ++i) {
-		int res = ast_json_array_append(channel_array,
+		int res;
+
+		if (sanitize && sanitize->channel_id
+			&& sanitize->channel_id(snapshot->channel_ids[i])) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		res = ast_json_array_append(channel_array,
 			ast_json_string_create(snapshot->channel_ids[i]));
 		if (res != 0) {
 			return NULL;
diff --git a/main/stasis_message.c b/main/stasis_message.c
index b25d1f25a..240845aff 100644
--- a/main/stasis_message.c
+++ b/main/stasis_message.c
@@ -161,7 +161,9 @@ struct ast_manager_event_blob *stasis_message_to_ami(struct stasis_message *msg)
 	return INVOKE_VIRTUAL(to_ami, msg);
 }
 
-struct ast_json *stasis_message_to_json(struct stasis_message *msg)
+struct ast_json *stasis_message_to_json(
+	struct stasis_message *msg,
+	struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize)
 {
-	return INVOKE_VIRTUAL(to_json, msg);
+	return INVOKE_VIRTUAL(to_json, msg, sanitize);
 }
diff --git a/res/ari/resource_bridges.c b/res/ari/resource_bridges.c
index 7c4fed29b..e09bea6b5 100644
--- a/res/ari/resource_bridges.c
+++ b/res/ari/resource_bridges.c
@@ -605,7 +605,7 @@ void ast_ari_bridges_get(struct ast_variable *headers,
 	}
 
 	ast_ari_response_ok(response,
-		ast_bridge_snapshot_to_json(snapshot));
+		ast_bridge_snapshot_to_json(snapshot, stasis_app_get_sanitizer()));
 }
 
 void ast_ari_bridges_destroy(struct ast_variable *headers,
@@ -656,7 +656,9 @@ void ast_ari_bridges_list(struct ast_variable *headers,
 	while ((obj = ao2_iterator_next(&i))) {
 		RAII_VAR(struct stasis_message *, msg, obj, ao2_cleanup);
 		struct ast_bridge_snapshot *snapshot = stasis_message_data(msg);
-		if (ast_json_array_append(json, ast_bridge_snapshot_to_json(snapshot))) {
+		struct ast_json *json_bridge = ast_bridge_snapshot_to_json(snapshot, stasis_app_get_sanitizer());
+
+		if (!json_bridge || ast_json_array_append(json, json_bridge)) {
 			ast_ari_response_alloc_failed(response);
 			return;
 		}
@@ -689,5 +691,5 @@ void ast_ari_bridges_create(struct ast_variable *headers,
 	}
 
 	ast_ari_response_ok(response,
-		ast_bridge_snapshot_to_json(snapshot));
+		ast_bridge_snapshot_to_json(snapshot, stasis_app_get_sanitizer()));
 }
diff --git a/res/ari/resource_channels.c b/res/ari/resource_channels.c
index dc0058fa5..75d56d924 100644
--- a/res/ari/resource_channels.c
+++ b/res/ari/resource_channels.c
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ void ast_ari_channels_get(struct ast_variable *headers,
 	ast_assert(snapshot != NULL);
 
 	ast_ari_response_ok(response,
-				ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot));
+				ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot, NULL));
 }
 
 void ast_ari_channels_hangup(struct ast_variable *headers,
@@ -639,6 +639,7 @@ void ast_ari_channels_list(struct ast_variable *headers,
 	RAII_VAR(struct ast_json *, json, NULL, ast_json_unref);
 	struct ao2_iterator i;
 	void *obj;
+	struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize = stasis_app_get_sanitizer();
 
 	cache = ast_channel_cache();
 	if (!cache) {
@@ -661,14 +662,23 @@ void ast_ari_channels_list(struct ast_variable *headers,
 		return;
 	}
 
-	i = ao2_iterator_init(snapshots, 0);
-	while ((obj = ao2_iterator_next(&i))) {
+	for (i = ao2_iterator_init(snapshots, 0);
+		(obj = ao2_iterator_next(&i)); ao2_cleanup(obj)) {
 		RAII_VAR(struct stasis_message *, msg, obj, ao2_cleanup);
 		struct ast_channel_snapshot *snapshot = stasis_message_data(msg);
-		int r = ast_json_array_append(
-			json, ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot));
+		int r;
+
+		if (sanitize && sanitize->channel_snapshot
+			&& sanitize->channel_snapshot(snapshot)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		r = ast_json_array_append(
+			json, ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot, NULL));
 		if (r != 0) {
 			ast_ari_response_alloc_failed(response);
+			ao2_cleanup(obj);
+			ao2_iterator_destroy(&i);
 			return;
 		}
 	}
@@ -769,7 +779,7 @@ void ast_ari_channels_originate(struct ast_variable *headers,
 		stasis_app_subscribe(args->app, uris, 1, NULL);
 	}
 
-	ast_ari_response_ok(response, ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot));
+	ast_ari_response_ok(response, ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot, NULL));
 	ast_channel_unref(chan);
 }
 
diff --git a/res/ari/resource_endpoints.c b/res/ari/resource_endpoints.c
index 14f9e0576..c37f4968e 100644
--- a/res/ari/resource_endpoints.c
+++ b/res/ari/resource_endpoints.c
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ ASTERISK_FILE_VERSION(__FILE__, "$Revision$")
 
 #include "asterisk/astobj2.h"
 #include "asterisk/stasis.h"
+#include "asterisk/stasis_app.h"
 #include "asterisk/stasis_endpoints.h"
 #include "asterisk/channel.h"
 
@@ -69,8 +70,15 @@ void ast_ari_endpoints_list(struct ast_variable *headers,
 	while ((obj = ao2_iterator_next(&i))) {
 		RAII_VAR(struct stasis_message *, msg, obj, ao2_cleanup);
 		struct ast_endpoint_snapshot *snapshot = stasis_message_data(msg);
-		int r = ast_json_array_append(
-			json, ast_endpoint_snapshot_to_json(snapshot));
+		struct ast_json *json_endpoint = ast_endpoint_snapshot_to_json(snapshot, stasis_app_get_sanitizer());
+		int r;
+
+		if (!json_endpoint) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		r = ast_json_array_append(
+			json, json_endpoint);
 		if (r != 0) {
 			ast_ari_response_alloc_failed(response);
 			return;
@@ -121,14 +129,20 @@ void ast_ari_endpoints_list_by_tech(struct ast_variable *headers,
 	while ((obj = ao2_iterator_next(&i))) {
 		RAII_VAR(struct stasis_message *, msg, obj, ao2_cleanup);
 		struct ast_endpoint_snapshot *snapshot = stasis_message_data(msg);
+		struct ast_json *json_endpoint;
 		int r;
 
 		if (strcasecmp(args->tech, snapshot->tech) != 0) {
 			continue;
 		}
 
+		json_endpoint = ast_endpoint_snapshot_to_json(snapshot, stasis_app_get_sanitizer());
+		if (!json_endpoint) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
 		r = ast_json_array_append(
-			json, ast_endpoint_snapshot_to_json(snapshot));
+			json, json_endpoint);
 		if (r != 0) {
 			ast_ari_response_alloc_failed(response);
 			return;
@@ -151,7 +165,7 @@ void ast_ari_endpoints_get(struct ast_variable *headers,
 		return;
 	}
 
-	json = ast_endpoint_snapshot_to_json(snapshot);
+	json = ast_endpoint_snapshot_to_json(snapshot, stasis_app_get_sanitizer());
 	if (!json) {
 		ast_ari_response_alloc_failed(response);
 		return;
diff --git a/res/res_stasis.c b/res/res_stasis.c
index e5fe1f691..e21941210 100644
--- a/res/res_stasis.c
+++ b/res/res_stasis.c
@@ -627,6 +627,7 @@ static int send_start_msg(struct app *app, struct ast_channel *chan,
 
 	struct ast_json *json_args;
 	int i;
+	struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize = stasis_app_get_sanitizer();
 
 	ast_assert(chan != NULL);
 
@@ -636,11 +637,16 @@ static int send_start_msg(struct app *app, struct ast_channel *chan,
 		return -1;
 	}
 
+	if (sanitize && sanitize->channel_snapshot
+		&& sanitize->channel_snapshot(snapshot)) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	msg = ast_json_pack("{s: s, s: o, s: [], s: o}",
 		"type", "StasisStart",
 		"timestamp", ast_json_timeval(ast_tvnow(), NULL),
 		"args",
-		"channel", ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot));
+		"channel", ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot, NULL));
 	if (!msg) {
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -665,6 +671,7 @@ static int send_end_msg(struct app *app, struct ast_channel *chan)
 {
 	RAII_VAR(struct ast_json *, msg, NULL, ast_json_unref);
 	RAII_VAR(struct ast_channel_snapshot *, snapshot, NULL, ao2_cleanup);
+	struct stasis_message_sanitizer *sanitize = stasis_app_get_sanitizer();
 
 	ast_assert(chan != NULL);
 
@@ -674,10 +681,15 @@ static int send_end_msg(struct app *app, struct ast_channel *chan)
 		return -1;
 	}
 
+	if (sanitize && sanitize->channel_snapshot
+		&& sanitize->channel_snapshot(snapshot)) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	msg = ast_json_pack("{s: s, s: o, s: o}",
 		"type", "StasisEnd",
 		"timestamp", ast_json_timeval(ast_tvnow(), NULL),
-		"channel", ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot));
+		"channel", ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot, NULL));
 	if (!msg) {
 		return -1;
 	}
@@ -1153,6 +1165,34 @@ static int unload_module(void)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/* \brief Sanitization callback for channel snapshots */
+static int channel_snapshot_sanitizer(const struct ast_channel_snapshot *snapshot)
+{
+	if (!snapshot || !(snapshot->tech_properties & AST_CHAN_TP_INTERNAL)) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return 1;
+}
+
+/* \brief Sanitization callback for channel unique IDs */
+static int channel_id_sanitizer(const char *id)
+{
+	RAII_VAR(struct ast_channel_snapshot *, snapshot, ast_channel_snapshot_get_latest(id), ao2_cleanup);
+
+	return channel_snapshot_sanitizer(snapshot);
+}
+
+/* \brief Sanitization callbacks for communication to Stasis applications */
+struct stasis_message_sanitizer app_sanitizer = {
+	.channel_id = channel_id_sanitizer,
+	.channel_snapshot = channel_snapshot_sanitizer,
+};
+
+struct stasis_message_sanitizer *stasis_app_get_sanitizer(void)
+{
+	return &app_sanitizer;
+}
+
 static int load_module(void)
 {
 	apps_registry = ao2_container_alloc(APPS_NUM_BUCKETS, app_hash, app_compare);
diff --git a/res/stasis/app.c b/res/stasis/app.c
index 99af6ee57..433d3adb5 100644
--- a/res/stasis/app.c
+++ b/res/stasis/app.c
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ static void sub_default_handler(void *data, struct stasis_subscription *sub,
 	}
 
 	/* By default, send any message that has a JSON representation */
-	json = stasis_message_to_json(message);
+	json = stasis_message_to_json(message, stasis_app_get_sanitizer());
 	if (!json) {
 		return;
 	}
@@ -295,10 +295,16 @@ static struct ast_json *simple_channel_event(
 	struct ast_channel_snapshot *snapshot,
 	const struct timeval *tv)
 {
+	struct ast_json *json_channel = ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot, stasis_app_get_sanitizer());
+
+	if (!json_channel) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
 	return ast_json_pack("{s: s, s: o, s: o}",
 		"type", type,
 		"timestamp", ast_json_timeval(*tv, NULL),
-		"channel", ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot));
+		"channel", json_channel);
 }
 
 static struct ast_json *channel_created_event(
@@ -312,12 +318,18 @@ static struct ast_json *channel_destroyed_event(
 	struct ast_channel_snapshot *snapshot,
 	const struct timeval *tv)
 {
+	struct ast_json *json_channel = ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot, stasis_app_get_sanitizer());
+
+	if (!json_channel) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
 	return ast_json_pack("{s: s, s: o, s: i, s: s, s: o}",
 		"type", "ChannelDestroyed",
 		"timestamp", ast_json_timeval(*tv, NULL),
 		"cause", snapshot->hangupcause,
 		"cause_txt", ast_cause2str(snapshot->hangupcause),
-		"channel", ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(snapshot));
+		"channel", json_channel);
 }
 
 static struct ast_json *channel_state_change_event(
@@ -353,6 +365,7 @@ static struct ast_json *channel_dialplan(
 	const struct timeval *tv)
 {
 	RAII_VAR(struct ast_json *, json, NULL, ast_json_unref);
+	struct ast_json *json_channel;
 
 	/* No Newexten event on cache clear or first event */
 	if (!old_snapshot || !new_snapshot) {
@@ -368,12 +381,17 @@ static struct ast_json *channel_dialplan(
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
+	json_channel = ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(new_snapshot, stasis_app_get_sanitizer());
+	if (!json_channel) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
 	return ast_json_pack("{s: s, s: o, s: s, s: s, s: o}",
 		"type", "ChannelDialplan",
 		"timestamp", ast_json_timeval(*tv, NULL),
 		"dialplan_app", new_snapshot->appl,
 		"dialplan_app_data", new_snapshot->data,
-		"channel", ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(new_snapshot));
+		"channel", json_channel);
 }
 
 static struct ast_json *channel_callerid(
@@ -382,6 +400,7 @@ static struct ast_json *channel_callerid(
 	const struct timeval *tv)
 {
 	RAII_VAR(struct ast_json *, json, NULL, ast_json_unref);
+	struct ast_json *json_channel;
 
 	/* No NewCallerid event on cache clear or first event */
 	if (!old_snapshot || !new_snapshot) {
@@ -392,13 +411,18 @@ static struct ast_json *channel_callerid(
 		return NULL;
 	}
 
+	json_channel = ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(new_snapshot, stasis_app_get_sanitizer());
+	if (!json_channel) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
 	return ast_json_pack("{s: s, s: o, s: i, s: s, s: o}",
 		"type", "ChannelCallerId",
 		"timestamp", ast_json_timeval(*tv, NULL),
 		"caller_presentation", new_snapshot->caller_pres,
 		"caller_presentation_txt", ast_describe_caller_presentation(
 			new_snapshot->caller_pres),
-		"channel", ast_channel_snapshot_to_json(new_snapshot));
+		"channel", json_channel);
 }
 
 static channel_snapshot_monitor channel_monitors[] = {
@@ -448,10 +472,16 @@ static struct ast_json *simple_endpoint_event(
 	struct ast_endpoint_snapshot *snapshot,
 	const struct timeval *tv)
 {
+	struct ast_json *json_endpoint = ast_endpoint_snapshot_to_json(snapshot, stasis_app_get_sanitizer());
+
+	if (!json_endpoint) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
 	return ast_json_pack("{s: s, s: o, s: o}",
 		"type", type,
 		"timestamp", ast_json_timeval(*tv, NULL),
-		"endpoint", ast_endpoint_snapshot_to_json(snapshot));
+		"endpoint", json_endpoint);
 }
 
 static void sub_endpoint_update_handler(void *data,
@@ -489,10 +519,15 @@ static struct ast_json *simple_bridge_event(
 	struct ast_bridge_snapshot *snapshot,
 	const struct timeval *tv)
 {
+	struct ast_json *json_bridge = ast_bridge_snapshot_to_json(snapshot, stasis_app_get_sanitizer());
+	if (!json_bridge) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
 	return ast_json_pack("{s: s, s: o, s: o}",
 		"type", type,
 		"timestamp", ast_json_timeval(*tv, NULL),
-		"bridge", ast_bridge_snapshot_to_json(snapshot));
+		"bridge", json_bridge);
 }
 
 static void sub_bridge_update_handler(void *data,
@@ -521,7 +556,7 @@ static void sub_bridge_update_handler(void *data,
 	if (!new_snapshot) {
 		json = simple_bridge_event("BridgeDestroyed", old_snapshot, tv);
 	} else if (!old_snapshot) {
-		json = simple_bridge_event("BridgeCreated", old_snapshot, tv);
+		json = simple_bridge_event("BridgeCreated", new_snapshot, tv);
 	}
 
 	if (!json) {